Lecture 5 - Microbial Metabolism Flashcards
Metabolism
the sum total of all energy being used and released in the body
(anabolism + catabolism = metabolism)
Catabolism
the process of breaking down larger molecules into smaller molecules
Anabolism
the process of synthesizing (building up) larger molecules
Hydrolysis
water is added as a reactant to break chemical bonds
Dehydration Synthesis
water is relased as a byproduct as bonds are formed
rnx
reaction
Are catabolic rxns endergonic or exergonic?
exergonic
(releases E)
Are anabolic reactions endergonic or exergonic?
endergonic
(uses E)
E
energy
Energy Coupling
Endergonic rxns can be used to store E within the bonds.
When those bonds are broken during a catabolic rxn, the E is released (exergonic) and can be used in other endergonic synthesis rxns.
ATP
adenosine triphosphate
ATP synthesis
ADP + P + energy –> ATP
(making ATP stores E)
ATP degradation
ATP –> ADP + P + energy
(breaking down ATP releases E)
ADP
adenosine diphosphate
catalysts
increse the rate of rxns
Most enzymes are _____.
Proteins
How do catalysts increase the rate of rxns?
Catalysts work by lowering the activation E required to initiate a rxn.
Catalysts bind to the reatants for a rxn which brings the reactants in close enough proximity with the proper orientation to react efficiently.
Enzymes are _______.
catalysts
-ase
enzyme
Explain How the Enzyme Lactase Works
Lactase binds to Lactose to break it into glucose and galactose monomers.
Sucrase breaks apart _____.
Sucrose
-ose
sugar
Substrate
the molecule that an enzyme binds to and acts on
(substrates are the reactants in the rxn)
decarboxylase
removes carbon dioxide from the substrate