Antimicrobial Drugs Worksheet Flashcards
- Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis
- Effective against Gram-positive bacteria
- Stable in stomach acids
- Oral administration
Penicillin V
Ampicillin
- Semisynthetic penicillin
- Broadspectrum
broad spectrum, semisynthetic penicillin with out penicillinase inhibitor
ampicillin
broad spectrum, semisynthetic penicillin with inhibitor of penicillinase
Amoxicillin
very broad spectrum semisynthetic penicillin
Imipenem
Amoxicillin
broad spectrum, semisynthetic penicillin with inhibitor of penicillinase
Imipenem
very broad spectrum semisynthetic penicillin
- Inhibit cell wall synthesis in essentially the sameway as do penicillins
- More widely used than any
other β-lactam antibiotics
Cephalosporins
Inhibits synthesis of mycolic acid component of
cell wall of Mycobacterium spp. with little effect
on non-mycobacteria
Isoniazid
- Inhibits the formation of peptide bonds in the
growing polypeptide chain by reacting with the 50S portion of the 70S prokaryotic ribosome - Broad Spectrum
- Potentially Toxic
- Relatively Inexpensive
Chloramphenicol
- best-known aminoglycoside
- used as an alternative drug in the treatment of tuberculosis
Streptomycin
- an aminoglycoside
- especially useful against Pseudomonas infections
Gentamicin
- group produced by the Streptomyces spp.
- prevents the addition of amino acids to the growing peptide chain
- broad spectrum, including chlamydias and rickettsias
- animal feed additives
Tetracycline
Prior to the start of viral replication, viral nucleic acids are released from their protein coat. This anti-influenza A drug inhibits uncoating.
Amantadine
- Antiretroviral
- Inhibitor of DNA/RNA synthesis
- nucleoside analog used in the treatment
of HIV
Zidovudine (AZT)
Nucleoside analog used for treating herpes
infections–especially genital herpes.
Useful in immunosuppressed individuals.
Acyclovir
Interferon that inhibits the spread of virus to new cells; a drug of choice for viral hepatitis infections.
Alpha Interferon
- Synthetic derivative used to control malaria.
- Antiprotozoan drug that inhibits DNA synthesis
Chloroquine
- Widely used antiprotozoan drugs
- Drug of choice for vaginitis
- Effective Tx for giardiasis, amebiasis, and trichomoniasis
Metronidazole, Tinidazole
Antihelminthic drug that inhibits ATP production under aerobic conditions.
Kills Tapeworm
Niclosamide
Antihelminthic drug that alters permeability of
plasma membranes.
Kills Flatworms
Praziquantel
2 antihelminthic drugs that inhibit the formation of microtubules in the cytoplasm, which interferes with absorption of nutrients by the parasite.
Used Against Intestinal Roundworms
Mebendazole, Albendazole
- Best known macrolide in clinical use
- Mode of action is inhibition of protein synthesis
- Unable to penetrate the cells walls of most Gram-negative cells
Erythromycin
- Causes injury to the plasma membrane
- Effective against Gram-negative bacteria
- For many years it was one of the very few drugs available for use against infection by Pseudomonas bacteria
Polymyxin B
- Best known derivative of the rifamycin family
of antibiotics - Inhibits synthesis of mRNA
- Used to treat tuberculosis and leprosy
Rifampin
- Inhibits DNA synthesis;
- Best known for its use against anthrax
- Widely used in earliest generation of fluoroquinolones
Ciprofloxacin
- Competitive inhibitor of the synthesis of essential metabolites
- Combination is widely used and only 10% of the combined concentration is needed
compared to when the drugs are used separately - Sulfonamides
Trimethorprim-Sulfamethoxazole
anti-fungal medication produced by Streptomyces species of soil bacteria
Amphotericin B
3 antifungal azole drugs which inhibit synthesis of plasma membranes.
Used in treatment of ringworm, vaginal candidiasis & systemic mycoses.
Clotrimazole, Miconazole, Ketoconzale
3 antiviral drugs that inhibit entry and fusion and inhibit neuraminidase on influenza virus
Zanamivir, Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
