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Microbiology > Lecture 12 Part II - Protozoans & Parasites > Flashcards

Lecture 12 Part II - Protozoans & Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

Example of Fungus-Like Protists

A

slime molds

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2
Q

Three Types of Protists

A
  • Fungus-Like Protists
  • Algae
  • Protozoans
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3
Q

Three Types of Protozoa

A
  • Amoeba
  • Ciliates/Paramecium
  • Flagellates
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4
Q

Entamoeba histolytica causes

A

amoebic dysentery (severe case of amebiasis)

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5
Q

pseudopods

A

false feet

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6
Q

How do amoebas move?

A

pseudopods

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7
Q

cilia

A

short, hair-like projections that allow the cell to move as well as movement of surroundings

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8
Q

How do Trichomonas vaginalis move?

A

flagella

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9
Q

What is the only type of cell in the human body to have a flagella?

A

sperm

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10
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis is what type of disease?

A

STD

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11
Q

STD

A

sexually transmitted disease

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12
Q

cyst AKA

A

oocyst

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13
Q

oocyst

A

is a dormant cyst

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14
Q

algal blooms

A

excessive growths of algae

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15
Q

What can cause algal blooms?

A

eutrophication from excessive N & P from fertilizers

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16
Q

Giant Kelp is ______.

A

Brown Algae

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17
Q

Agar is _______.

A

Red Algae

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18
Q

Plankton AKA

A

dinoflagellates

(unicellular, free-swimming algae)

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19
Q

Some plankton (dinoflagellates) produce _________.

A

neurotoxins

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20
Q

Why are Red Tides dangerous?

A

Red Tides are excessive growth of dinoflagellates (plankton) which produce neurotoxins and can poison fish, shellfish, and humans.

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21
Q

Diatoms are a type of _______.

A

Algae

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22
Q

What are protozoan phyla based on?

A

rRNA sequences

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23
Q

4 Major Protozoan Phyla

A
  • Archaezoa
  • Amoebozoa
  • Apicomplexa
  • Euglenoza
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24
Q

2 Major Species in the Archaezoa Phylum

A
  • Trichomonas vaginalis
  • Giardia lamblia
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25
Q

Major Species in the Amoebozoa Phylum

A
  • Entamoeba histolytica
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26
Q

3 Major Species in the Apicomplexa Phylum

A
  • Toxoplasma gondii
  • Plasmodium spp.
  • Cryptosporidium spp.
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27
Q

2 Major Species in the Euglenozoa Phylum

A
  • Trypanosoma brucei gambiens
  • Trypanosoma cruzi
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28
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis belongs to which Protozoan Phylum?

A

Archaezoa

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29
Q

Giardia lamblia belongs to which Protozoan phylum?

A

Archaezoa

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30
Q

Entamoeba histolytic belongs to which Protozoan phylum?

A

Amoebozoa

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31
Q

Toxoplama gondii belong to which Protozoan phylum?

A

Apicomplexa

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32
Q

Plasmodium spp. belongs to which Protozoa phylum?

A

Apicomplexa

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33
Q

Cryptosporidium spp. belong to which Protozoan phylum?

A

Apicomplexa

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34
Q

Trypanosoma brucei gambiens belongs to which Protozoan phylum?

A

Euglenozoa

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35
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi belong to which Protozoan phylum?

A

Euglenozoa

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36
Q

Vaginitis is caused by __________.

A

Trichomonas vagnalis

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37
Q

Colpitis macularis AKA

A

strawberry cervix

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38
Q

Colpitis macularis (strawberry cervix) can be caused by ______.

A

Trichomonas vagnalis

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39
Q

Does Trichomonas vaginalis have a cyst stage?

A

No

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40
Q

3 Major Features of Archaezoa

A
  • No mitochondria
  • Spindle-shaped
  • 2+ Flagella @ front end
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41
Q

Rx

A

prescription

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42
Q

Tx

A

treatment/therapy

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43
Q

2 Rx frequently used to treat Trichomonas vagnalis

A
  • Metronidazole
  • Tindamax
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44
Q

Dx

A

diagnosis

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45
Q

DDx

A

differential diagnosis

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46
Q

Giardia lamblia causes _________.

A

Giardiasis

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47
Q

How does Giardia attach to the intestine?

A

Adhesive Disk

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48
Q

3 Methods Used to Diagnose Giardia

A
  • Microscopic Inspection of Stool
  • Enterotest (string test)
  • Small Intestinal Biopsy
    (EGD: esophagogastroduodenoscopy)
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49
Q

2 Rx that can be used to treat Giardia

A

Metronidazole
Tinidazole

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50
Q

2 Rx frequently used to treat Entamoeba histolytica

A

Metronidazole
Tinidazole

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51
Q

Causes Malaria

A

Plasmodium spp.

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52
Q

Female mosquitoes are a _______ for malaria.

53
Q

vector

A

any arthropod that transmits disease by feeding

54
Q

shizogony AKA

A

multiple fission

55
Q

Malaria destroys RBCs which in turn causes _____.

56
Q

What common medicine should not be given to someone with Malaria?

57
Q

Toxoplasmosis gondii causes ________.

A

Toxoplasmosis

58
Q

Why should pregnant women not mess with cat litter or eat undercooked meat?

A

They may get toxoplasmosis which can cause severe birth defects.

59
Q

2 Common Ways to Dx Toxoplalsmosis

A
  • Serological Tests
  • Fluorescent Antibody (FA) Techniques
60
Q

2 Rx frequently used to treat Toxoplasmosis

A
  • Pyrimethamine
  • Sulfadiazine
61
Q

Giardia is transmitted by a ___________ Cycle.

A

Oral-Fecal Cycle

62
Q

Cyrotpsporidium is transmitted by a ___________ Cycle.

A

Oral-Fecal Cycle

63
Q

Cryptosporidium causes _______.

A

Cryptosporidiosis

64
Q

2 Major Ways to Dx Cryptosporidium

A
  • PCR
  • Microscopy of Stool
65
Q

Tx of Cryptosporidium

A
  • Rehydration
  • Anti-Diarrheal
66
Q

hemoflagellates

A

flagellates that live in the blood

67
Q

Trypanosomiasis AKA

A

sleeping sickness

68
Q

Tsetse Flies transmit which disease?

A

Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness)

69
Q

Tsetse Flies are found in which part of the world?

A

sub-Saharan Africa

70
Q

CSF

A

cererbrospinal fluid

71
Q

Dx of Trypanosomiasis

A

analysis of serum (blood) or CSF

72
Q

Stage 1 of Trypanosomiasis

A

Trypanosoma brucei gamiense travel through the bloodstream & multiples

73
Q

Stage 2 of Trypanosomiasis

A

Trypanosoma brucei gamiense crosses the BBB into the CNS

74
Q

BBB

A

Blood Brain Barrier

75
Q

CNS

A

Central Nervous System

76
Q

How is Trypanosomiasis Diagnosed?

A

Analysis of serum of CSF

77
Q

Chagas Disease AKA

A

American Trypanosomiasis

78
Q

Chagas Disease is caused by ______.

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

79
Q

Chagas Diseaes is transmitted by which vector?

A

Triatoma (Kissing Bug)

80
Q

What are the 2 Stages of Chagas Disease?

A
  1. Acute
  2. Chronic
81
Q

Rx used to treat Trypanosomias cruzi

A

nifurtimox

82
Q

Helminths are Found in Which 2 Major Phyla?

A

Nematodes (roundworms)

Platyhelminths
(flatworms)

83
Q

Flatworms AKA

A

Platyhelminths

84
Q

Roundworms AKA

85
Q

3 Types of Nematones (Roundworms)

A
  • Pinworms
  • Ascaris
  • Trichinella
86
Q

2 Types of Platyhelminths (Flatworms)

A
  • Trematodes (Flukes)
  • Tapeworms
87
Q

Dioecious

A

two different sexes

88
Q

Monoecious

A

only one sex
each organism is hermaphroditic and has both male and female reproductive parts

89
Q

Trematode AKA

90
Q

Are Trematodes Dioecious or Monoecious?

A

Monoecious

(each organism has both ovaries in testes)

91
Q

How do trematodes eat?

A

they absorb their food

92
Q

Cestode AKA

93
Q

Causes Taeniasis

94
Q

Scolex

95
Q

Two main parts of a tapeworm

A

scolex (head) & proglottids

96
Q

each proglottid contains both ____ and ____.

A

Ovaries & Testes

97
Q

Taenia saginata AKA

A

Beef Tapeworm

98
Q

Where in the human body do Tapeworms live?

A

lumen of small intestine

99
Q

How does one get infected with tapeworm?

A

eating raw/undercooked meat

100
Q

common symptoms of tapeworm infection

A
  • significant weight loss
  • proglottids in feces
  • increased appetite
  • upset stomach
101
Q

Enterobius vermicularis AKA

102
Q

enterobius vermicularis causes

A

enterobiasis

103
Q

Are pinworms dioecious or monoecious?

104
Q

What is an easy way to look for pinworms?

A

put a piece of tape over the anus at night to see if any pin worms are stuck to it in the morning

105
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides causes

A

Ascariasis

106
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides AKA

A

Large Roundworm

107
Q

Where is Ascaris often found in the body?

A

GI Tract and associated ducts, lungs, blood, throat, mouth, nose

108
Q

Why does ascaris often go so long without diagnosis?

A

oftentimes people are asymptomatic for a long time

109
Q

Tx for Ascaris

A
  • Mebendazole
  • Albendazole
  • Surgery
110
Q

Trichinella spiralis causes

A

trichinellosis or trichinosis

111
Q

How does one often get infected by trichinella sprialis?

A

undercooked meat

112
Q

Where in the body is trichinella spiralis often found?

A

Gut, blood, muscle, lungs, brain

113
Q

How is trichinella spiralis often diagnosed?

A

muscle biopsy

114
Q

4 common vectors found in the Arachnid Class

A
  • spiders
  • ticks
  • mites
  • scorpions
115
Q

3 common vectors found in the Insect Class

A
  • flies
  • mosquitoes
  • lice
116
Q

Pediculosis capitis AKA

117
Q

nit

118
Q

Phthirus pubis AKA

A

Crab or Pubic Lice

119
Q

Pediculus humanus corporis

120
Q

Pediculosis AKA

A

lice infection

121
Q

symptoms of lice

A

small, itchy, red bumps on the skin

122
Q

Tx for lice

A

OTC lotions/shampoos

123
Q

Size of Lice

A

1 - 3.5 mm

124
Q

Dust Mites cause ____ & _____.

A

Asthma & Allergies

125
Q

Myiasis

A

infection of human tissue with maggotslm

126
Q

maggots

A

fly larvae

127
Q

Dermatobia hominis AKA

A

human bot fly

Microbiology (22 decks)

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