Lecture 12 Part II - Protozoans & Parasites Flashcards
1
Q
Example of Fungus-Like Protists
A
slime molds
2
Q
Three Types of Protists
A
- Fungus-Like Protists
- Algae
- Protozoans
3
Q
Three Types of Protozoa
A
- Amoeba
- Ciliates/Paramecium
- Flagellates
4
Q
Entamoeba histolytica causes
A
amoebic dysentery (severe case of amebiasis)
5
Q
pseudopods
A
false feet
6
Q
How do amoebas move?
A
pseudopods
7
Q
cilia
A
short, hair-like projections that allow the cell to move as well as movement of surroundings
8
Q
How do Trichomonas vaginalis move?
A
flagella
9
Q
What is the only type of cell in the human body to have a flagella?
A
sperm
10
Q
Trichomonas vaginalis is what type of disease?
A
STD
11
Q
STD
A
sexually transmitted disease
12
Q
cyst AKA
A
oocyst
13
Q
oocyst
A
is a dormant cyst
14
Q
algal blooms
A
excessive growths of algae
15
Q
What can cause algal blooms?
A
eutrophication from excessive N & P from fertilizers
16
Q
Giant Kelp is ______.
A
Brown Algae
17
Q
Agar is _______.
A
Red Algae
18
Q
Plankton AKA
A
dinoflagellates
(unicellular, free-swimming algae)
19
Q
Some plankton (dinoflagellates) produce _________.
A
neurotoxins
20
Q
Why are Red Tides dangerous?
A
Red Tides are excessive growth of dinoflagellates (plankton) which produce neurotoxins and can poison fish, shellfish, and humans.
21
Q
Diatoms are a type of _______.
A
Algae
22
Q
What are protozoan phyla based on?
A
rRNA sequences
23
Q
4 Major Protozoan Phyla
A
- Archaezoa
- Amoebozoa
- Apicomplexa
- Euglenoza
24
Q
2 Major Species in the Archaezoa Phylum
A
- Trichomonas vaginalis
- Giardia lamblia
25
Major Species in the Amoebozoa Phylum
- Entamoeba histolytica
26
3 Major Species in the Apicomplexa Phylum
- Toxoplasma gondii
- Plasmodium spp.
- Cryptosporidium spp.
27
2 Major Species in the Euglenozoa Phylum
- Trypanosoma brucei gambiens
- Trypanosoma cruzi
28
Trichomonas vaginalis belongs to which Protozoan Phylum?
Archaezoa
29
Giardia lamblia belongs to which Protozoan phylum?
Archaezoa
30
Entamoeba histolytic belongs to which Protozoan phylum?
Amoebozoa
31
Toxoplama gondii belong to which Protozoan phylum?
Apicomplexa
32
Plasmodium spp. belongs to which Protozoa phylum?
Apicomplexa
33
Cryptosporidium spp. belong to which Protozoan phylum?
Apicomplexa
34
Trypanosoma brucei gambiens belongs to which Protozoan phylum?
Euglenozoa
35
Trypanosoma cruzi belong to which Protozoan phylum?
Euglenozoa
36
Vaginitis is caused by __________.
Trichomonas vagnalis
37
Colpitis macularis AKA
strawberry cervix
38
Colpitis macularis (strawberry cervix) can be caused by ______.
Trichomonas vagnalis
39
Does Trichomonas vaginalis have a cyst stage?
No
40
3 Major Features of Archaezoa
- No mitochondria
- Spindle-shaped
- 2+ Flagella @ front end
41
Rx
prescription
42
Tx
treatment/therapy
43
2 Rx frequently used to treat Trichomonas vagnalis
- Metronidazole
- Tindamax
44
Dx
diagnosis
45
DDx
differential diagnosis
46
Giardia lamblia causes _________.
Giardiasis
47
How does Giardia attach to the intestine?
Adhesive Disk
48
3 Methods Used to Diagnose Giardia
- Microscopic Inspection of Stool
- Enterotest (string test)
- Small Intestinal Biopsy
(EGD: esophagogastroduodenoscopy)
49
2 Rx that can be used to treat Giardia
Metronidazole
Tinidazole
50
2 Rx frequently used to treat Entamoeba histolytica
Metronidazole
Tinidazole
51
Causes Malaria
Plasmodium spp.
52
Female mosquitoes are a _______ for malaria.
vector
53
vector
any arthropod that transmits disease by feeding
54
shizogony AKA
multiple fission
55
Malaria destroys RBCs which in turn causes _____.
anemia
56
What common medicine should not be given to someone with Malaria?
Aspirin
57
Toxoplasmosis gondii causes ________.
Toxoplasmosis
58
Why should pregnant women not mess with cat litter or eat undercooked meat?
They may get toxoplasmosis which can cause severe birth defects.
59
2 Common Ways to Dx Toxoplalsmosis
- Serological Tests
- Fluorescent Antibody (FA) Techniques
60
2 Rx frequently used to treat Toxoplasmosis
- Pyrimethamine
- Sulfadiazine
61
Giardia is transmitted by a ___________ Cycle.
Oral-Fecal Cycle
62
Cyrotpsporidium is transmitted by a ___________ Cycle.
Oral-Fecal Cycle
63
Cryptosporidium causes _______.
Cryptosporidiosis
64
2 Major Ways to Dx Cryptosporidium
- PCR
- Microscopy of Stool
65
Tx of Cryptosporidium
- Rehydration
- Anti-Diarrheal
66
hemoflagellates
flagellates that live in the blood
67
Trypanosomiasis AKA
sleeping sickness
68
Tsetse Flies transmit which disease?
Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness)
69
Tsetse Flies are found in which part of the world?
sub-Saharan Africa
70
CSF
cererbrospinal fluid
71
Dx of Trypanosomiasis
analysis of serum (blood) or CSF
72
Stage 1 of Trypanosomiasis
Trypanosoma brucei gamiense travel through the bloodstream & multiples
73
Stage 2 of Trypanosomiasis
Trypanosoma brucei gamiense crosses the BBB into the CNS
74
BBB
Blood Brain Barrier
75
CNS
Central Nervous System
76
How is Trypanosomiasis Diagnosed?
Analysis of serum of CSF
77
Chagas Disease AKA
American Trypanosomiasis
78
Chagas Disease is caused by ______.
Trypanosoma cruzi
79
Chagas Diseaes is transmitted by which vector?
Triatoma (Kissing Bug)
80
What are the 2 Stages of Chagas Disease?
1. Acute
2. Chronic
81
Rx used to treat Trypanosomias cruzi
nifurtimox
82
Helminths are Found in Which 2 Major Phyla?
Nematodes (roundworms)
Platyhelminths
(flatworms)
83
Flatworms AKA
Platyhelminths
84
Roundworms AKA
Nematodes
85
3 Types of Nematones (Roundworms)
- Pinworms
- Ascaris
- Trichinella
86
2 Types of Platyhelminths (Flatworms)
- Trematodes (Flukes)
- Tapeworms
87
Dioecious
two different sexes
88
Monoecious
only one sex
each organism is hermaphroditic and has both male and female reproductive parts
89
Trematode AKA
Fluke
90
Are Trematodes Dioecious or Monoecious?
Monoecious
(each organism has both ovaries in testes)
91
How do trematodes eat?
they absorb their food
92
Cestode AKA
Tapeworm
93
Causes Taeniasis
Tapeworm
94
Scolex
head
95
Two main parts of a tapeworm
scolex (head) & proglottids
96
each proglottid contains both ____ and ____.
Ovaries & Testes
97
Taenia saginata AKA
Beef Tapeworm
98
Where in the human body do Tapeworms live?
lumen of small intestine
99
How does one get infected with tapeworm?
eating raw/undercooked meat
100
common symptoms of tapeworm infection
- significant weight loss
- proglottids in feces
- increased appetite
- upset stomach
101
Enterobius vermicularis AKA
pinworm
102
enterobius vermicularis causes
enterobiasis
103
Are pinworms dioecious or monoecious?
dioecious
104
What is an easy way to look for pinworms?
put a piece of tape over the anus at night to see if any pin worms are stuck to it in the morning
105
Ascaris lumbricoides causes
Ascariasis
106
Ascaris lumbricoides AKA
Large Roundworm
107
Where is Ascaris often found in the body?
GI Tract and associated ducts, lungs, blood, throat, mouth, nose
108
Why does ascaris often go so long without diagnosis?
oftentimes people are asymptomatic for a long time
109
Tx for Ascaris
- Mebendazole
- Albendazole
- Surgery
110
Trichinella spiralis causes
trichinellosis or trichinosis
111
How does one often get infected by trichinella sprialis?
undercooked meat
112
Where in the body is trichinella spiralis often found?
Gut, blood, muscle, lungs, brain
113
How is trichinella spiralis often diagnosed?
muscle biopsy
114
4 common vectors found in the Arachnid Class
- spiders
- ticks
- mites
- scorpions
115
3 common vectors found in the Insect Class
- flies
- mosquitoes
- lice
116
Pediculosis capitis AKA
head lice
117
nit
lice egg
118
Phthirus pubis AKA
Crab or Pubic Lice
119
Pediculus humanus corporis
Body Lice
120
Pediculosis AKA
lice infection
121
symptoms of lice
small, itchy, red bumps on the skin
122
Tx for lice
OTC lotions/shampoos
123
Size of Lice
1 - 3.5 mm
124
Dust Mites cause ____ & _____.
Asthma & Allergies
125
Myiasis
infection of human tissue with maggotslm
126
maggots
fly larvae
127
Dermatobia hominis AKA
human bot fly
128
