Lecture 11 - Types of Bacteria Flashcards
1
Q
4 Species of Clostridium
A
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridum botulinum
Clostridum tetani
Clostridium difficile
2
Q
2 Species of Mycobacterium
A
tuberculosis
leprae
3
Q
Which Phylum Does the Genus Mycobacterium Belong To?
A
Actinobacteria
4
Q
Are Firmicutes (phylum) Gram Positive or Gram Negative?
A
Gram Positive
(purple)
5
Q
Clostridium is Gram _____.
A
Positive
(purple)
6
Q
Dx
A
diagnosis
7
Q
Tx
A
Treatment/Therapy
8
Q
Phylum for Bacillus anthracis
A
Firmicutes
9
Q
Phylum for Staphylococcus aureus
A
Firmicutes
10
Q
Phylum for Streptococcus pyogenes
A
Firmicutes
11
Q
Phylum for Listeria monocytogenes
A
Firmicutes
12
Q
Phylum for Mycoplasma pneumoniae
A
Firmicutes
13
Q
Phylum for Mycobacterium tuberculosis
A
Actinobacteria
14
Q
Phylum for Mycobacterium leprae
A
Actinobacteria
15
Q
2 Major Gram Positive Phylums
A
Firmicutes
Actinobacteria
16
Q
3 Major Gram Negative Phylums
A
Proteobacteria
Spirochaetes
Chlamydiae
17
Q
Gram Positive Bacteria Stain _____.
A
Purple
18
Q
Gram Negative Bacteria Stain _____.
A
Pink
19
Q
Phylum for Borrelia burgdorferi
A
Spirochaetes
20
Q
Phylum for Chlamydia trichomatis
A
Chlamydiae
21
Q
Phylum for Rickettsia rickettsii
A
Proteobacteria
22
Q
Phylum for Neisseria gonorroeae and Neisseria meningitidis
A
Proteobacteria
23
Q
Phylum for Bordetella pertussis
A
Proteobacteria
24
Q
Phylum for Helicobacter pylori
A
Proteobacteria
25
Phylum for Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Proteobacteria
26
Phylum for Vibrio cholerae
Proteobacteria
27
Phylum for Haemophilus influenzae
Proteobacteria
28
Phylum for Escherechia coli
Proteobacteria
29
Phylum for Salmonella
Proteobacteria
30
Phylum for Yersinia pestis
Proteobacteria
31
What level of Taxonomy is Enterobacteriales?
Order
32
What are the 3 Enterobacteriales studied in Lecture 11?
- Escherichia coli
- Salmonella
- Yersinia pestis
33
Phylum for Clostridum (perfringens, botulinum, tetani, difficile)
Firmicutes
34
Borrelia burgdorferi causes _____________.
Lyme Disease
#BullsEyeRash
35
Syphilis is caused by _________.
Treponema padillum
36
Describe the Stages of Syphilis
PRIMARY - Painless, hard, round chancres
SECONDARY - Enters Blood --> hairloss and rashes on skin & mucous membranes
Latency - can last for years
TERTIARY - Affect heart and CNS (central nervous system)
37
CNS
Central Nervous System
38
Common Vector of Lyme Disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)
Ticks
39
The STD Chlamydia is caused by __________.
Chlamydia trichomatis
40
Trachoma (an eye disease) is caused by ____________.
Chlamydia trichomatis
41
Trichiasis
eyelashes stab the eye
42
What is the leading cause of preventable blindness?
Chlamydia
43
Tx for Trachoma
#SAFE
-Surgery
- Antibiotics (tetracycline in adults only)
- Facial Cleanliness
- Eye Exams
44
Who is affected more by Chlamydia? Women or Men?
Women
(4x as often as Men)
45
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever AKA
Ricketts
46
Causes Ricketts
Rickettsia rickettsii
47
Common Vector of Ricketts
Ticks
48
Describe Neisseria gonorrhoeae
diploid
cocci
capsule
fimbriae
(Drawing in Google Drive)
49
Gonorrhea is caused by ________.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
50
Meningitis is caused by ______.
Neisseria meningitidis
51
ABX
antibiotics
52
Mortality of Meningitis Without ABX
80%
53
Mortality of Meningitis With ABX
10%
54
What is meningitis?
Meningitis is the inflammation of the meninges.
(Meninges are the tissues covering the brain and spinal cord)
55
Pertussis AKA
Whooping Cough
56
Causes Whooping Cough
Bordetella pertussis
57
Causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Rickettsia rickettsii
58
Which Vaccine Prevents Whooping Cough?
Tdap
59
Describe Helicobacter pylori
-slender
-curved rod
-mutiple flagella
(Drawing in Google Drive)
60
Describe the Illness caued by H. pylori
H. pylori secrets the enzyme urease and attaches to the stomach lining causing peptic ulcers and stomach cancer
61
Can children be treated for bacterial infections with Tetracyclines?
No, because it can be toxic to bone development.
62
Causes Swimmer's Ear
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
63
Describe Pseudomonas aeruginosa
bacilli with polar flagella
(Drawing in Google Drive)
64
Common Cause of Nosocomial Infections in Immunocompromised Patients
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
65
Causes Cholera
Vibrio cholerae
66
Describe Vibrio cholerae
comma shaped with a flagella
67
Consuming which food is often the cause of cholera?
Shellfish
68
Haemophilus influenzae does NOT casuse _______.
The Flu
69
What does Haemophilus influenzae require to grow?
blood
70
What parts of the body are typically affected by Haemophilus influenzae infections?
mucous membranes
upper respiratory tract
mouth
vagina
GI Tract
71
Most common cause of UTI
Escherichia coli
72
UTI
urinary tract infection
73
Causes the Plague
Yersinia pestis
74
Plague in the Lymph Nodes
Bubonic Plague
75
Plague in the Lungs
Pneumonic Plague
76
Plague in the Blood
Septicemic Plague
77
When someone is Septicemic with Yersinia pestis, what is their chance of survival without ABX?
50%
78
Gangrene AKA
Black Death
79
2 Major Signs and Symptoms of the Plague (Yersinia pestis)
buboes & gangrene
80
TB
Tuberculosis
81
Causes TB
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
82
Causes Lepracy
Mycobacterium leprae
83
Actintobacteria does not Gram Stain well and should therefore undergo __________ Staining instead?
Acid Fast
84
Hansen's Disease AKA
Lepracy
85
Causes Tetanis
Clostridium tetani
86
Causes Botulism
Clostridium botulinum
87
Botulism prevents _______.
Muscle CONTRACTION
88
Tetani prevents _________.
Muslce RELAXATION
#spasticparalysis
89
What disease is common with long-term ABX use?
C. diff
90
Causes C. diff
Clostridum difficile
91
Symtpoms of C. diff
Deadly Diarrhea
92
Common Tx of C. diff
fecal transplant
93
Causes Anthrax
Bacillus anthracis
94
Bacillus anthracis can form _______.
endospores
95
What foods are often the culprits of Anthrax?
food poisoning in starchy foods
96
Mortality Rate of Cutaneous, GI, and Pulmonary Anthrax Infections
Cutaneous 20%
GI 50%
Pulmonary nearly 100% death w/in 24 hours
97
Describe Staphylococcus aureus
yellow, grapelike clusters of round bacteria
98
suppurative
pus-producing
99
Furuncle vs Carbuncle
Furuncle = Boil
Carbuncle = Deep Boil
100
Which 2 Species can cause Impetigo
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
101
Which 2 species are hemolytic on blood agar?
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
102
Which Group of Streptococcus pyogenes is the most pathogenic?
Group A
103
hemolytic
destroys RBCs (Red Blood Cells)
104
Common Cause of Strep Throat
Streptococcus pyogenes
105
Common Cause of Scarlett Fever
Streptococcus pyogenes
106
necrotizing fasciitis
death of the connective tissue surrounding muscles, blood vessels, and nerves
107
Causes Listeria
Listeria monocytogenes
108
Causes Walking Pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
109
signs
OBJECTIVE evidence of disease and can be measured
(temp, BP, sweating, etc)
110
symptoms
SUBJECTIVE evidence of disease - can't be observed by others, but can be explained by the patient
(i.e. throbbing, pain, headache, hot, etc)
111
What is the largest and most phenotypically diverse phylum of bacteria?
Proteobacteria
112
Vector-Borne Disease
illness caused by infectious microbes and transmitted to people by blood-sucking arthropods
113
vector
any arthropod that transmits disease by feeding
114
chocolate agar
non-selective, enriched growth medium with sheep blood
115
What are the two drugs the CDC recommends using to treat gonorrhea?
1 Dose Ceftriaxone & Azithromycin
116
What color should spinal fluid be?
clear
117
AMS
altered mental status
118
meninges
membranes covering the brain and spinal cord
119
nosocomial infections
infections acquired at a hospital or during healthcare treatment
120
shape of vibrio bacteria
comma shaped
