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Microbiology > Lecture 11 - Types of Bacteria > Flashcards

Lecture 11 - Types of Bacteria Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

4 Species of Clostridium

A

Clostridium perfringens
Clostridum botulinum
Clostridum tetani
Clostridium difficile

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2
Q

2 Species of Mycobacterium

A

tuberculosis
leprae

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3
Q

Which Phylum Does the Genus Mycobacterium Belong To?

A

Actinobacteria

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4
Q

Are Firmicutes (phylum) Gram Positive or Gram Negative?

A

Gram Positive
(purple)

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5
Q

Clostridium is Gram _____.

A

Positive
(purple)

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6
Q

Dx

A

diagnosis

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7
Q

Tx

A

Treatment/Therapy

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8
Q

Phylum for Bacillus anthracis

A

Firmicutes

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9
Q

Phylum for Staphylococcus aureus

A

Firmicutes

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10
Q

Phylum for Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Firmicutes

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11
Q

Phylum for Listeria monocytogenes

A

Firmicutes

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12
Q

Phylum for Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Firmicutes

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13
Q

Phylum for Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Actinobacteria

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14
Q

Phylum for Mycobacterium leprae

A

Actinobacteria

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15
Q

2 Major Gram Positive Phylums

A

Firmicutes
Actinobacteria

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16
Q

3 Major Gram Negative Phylums

A

Proteobacteria
Spirochaetes
Chlamydiae

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17
Q

Gram Positive Bacteria Stain _____.

A

Purple

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18
Q

Gram Negative Bacteria Stain _____.

A

Pink

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19
Q

Phylum for Borrelia burgdorferi

A

Spirochaetes

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20
Q

Phylum for Chlamydia trichomatis

A

Chlamydiae

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21
Q

Phylum for Rickettsia rickettsii

A

Proteobacteria

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22
Q

Phylum for Neisseria gonorroeae and Neisseria meningitidis

A

Proteobacteria

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23
Q

Phylum for Bordetella pertussis

A

Proteobacteria

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24
Q

Phylum for Helicobacter pylori

A

Proteobacteria

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25
Q

Phylum for Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Proteobacteria

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26
Q

Phylum for Vibrio cholerae

A

Proteobacteria

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27
Q

Phylum for Haemophilus influenzae

A

Proteobacteria

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28
Q

Phylum for Escherechia coli

A

Proteobacteria

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29
Q

Phylum for Salmonella

A

Proteobacteria

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30
Q

Phylum for Yersinia pestis

A

Proteobacteria

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31
Q

What level of Taxonomy is Enterobacteriales?

A

Order

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32
Q

What are the 3 Enterobacteriales studied in Lecture 11?

A
  • Escherichia coli
  • Salmonella
  • Yersinia pestis
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33
Q

Phylum for Clostridum (perfringens, botulinum, tetani, difficile)

A

Firmicutes

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34
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi causes _____________.

A

Lyme Disease
#BullsEyeRash

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35
Q

Syphilis is caused by _________.

A

Treponema padillum

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36
Q

Describe the Stages of Syphilis

A

PRIMARY - Painless, hard, round chancres
SECONDARY - Enters Blood –> hairloss and rashes on skin & mucous membranes
Latency - can last for years
TERTIARY - Affect heart and CNS (central nervous system)

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37
Q

CNS

A

Central Nervous System

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38
Q

Common Vector of Lyme Disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)

A

Ticks

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39
Q

The STD Chlamydia is caused by __________.

A

Chlamydia trichomatis

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40
Q

Trachoma (an eye disease) is caused by ____________.

A

Chlamydia trichomatis

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41
Q

Trichiasis

A

eyelashes stab the eye

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42
Q

What is the leading cause of preventable blindness?

A

Chlamydia

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43
Q

Tx for Trachoma

A

SAFE

-Surgery
- Antibiotics (tetracycline in adults only)
- Facial Cleanliness
- Eye Exams

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44
Q

Who is affected more by Chlamydia? Women or Men?

A

Women
(4x as often as Men)

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45
Q

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever AKA

A

Ricketts

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46
Q

Causes Ricketts

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

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47
Q

Common Vector of Ricketts

A

Ticks

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48
Q

Describe Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

diploid
cocci
capsule
fimbriae

(Drawing in Google Drive)

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49
Q

Gonorrhea is caused by ________.

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

50
Q

Meningitis is caused by ______.

A

Neisseria meningitidis

51
Q

ABX

A

antibiotics

52
Q

Mortality of Meningitis Without ABX

A

80%

53
Q

Mortality of Meningitis With ABX

A

10%

54
Q

What is meningitis?

A

Meningitis is the inflammation of the meninges.
(Meninges are the tissues covering the brain and spinal cord)

55
Q

Pertussis AKA

A

Whooping Cough

56
Q

Causes Whooping Cough

A

Bordetella pertussis

57
Q

Causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

58
Q

Which Vaccine Prevents Whooping Cough?

A

Tdap

59
Q

Describe Helicobacter pylori

A

-slender
-curved rod
-mutiple flagella

(Drawing in Google Drive)

60
Q

Describe the Illness caued by H. pylori

A

H. pylori secrets the enzyme urease and attaches to the stomach lining causing peptic ulcers and stomach cancer

61
Q

Can children be treated for bacterial infections with Tetracyclines?

A

No, because it can be toxic to bone development.

62
Q

Causes Swimmer’s Ear

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

63
Q

Describe Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

bacilli with polar flagella

(Drawing in Google Drive)

64
Q

Common Cause of Nosocomial Infections in Immunocompromised Patients

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

65
Q

Causes Cholera

A

Vibrio cholerae

66
Q

Describe Vibrio cholerae

A

comma shaped with a flagella

67
Q

Consuming which food is often the cause of cholera?

A

Shellfish

68
Q

Haemophilus influenzae does NOT casuse _______.

A

The Flu

69
Q

What does Haemophilus influenzae require to grow?

A

blood

70
Q

What parts of the body are typically affected by Haemophilus influenzae infections?

A

mucous membranes
upper respiratory tract
mouth
vagina
GI Tract

71
Q

Most common cause of UTI

A

Escherichia coli

72
Q

UTI

A

urinary tract infection

73
Q

Causes the Plague

A

Yersinia pestis

74
Q

Plague in the Lymph Nodes

A

Bubonic Plague

75
Q

Plague in the Lungs

A

Pneumonic Plague

76
Q

Plague in the Blood

A

Septicemic Plague

77
Q

When someone is Septicemic with Yersinia pestis, what is their chance of survival without ABX?

A

50%

78
Q

Gangrene AKA

A

Black Death

79
Q

2 Major Signs and Symptoms of the Plague (Yersinia pestis)

A

buboes & gangrene

80
Q

TB

A

Tuberculosis

81
Q

Causes TB

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

82
Q

Causes Lepracy

A

Mycobacterium leprae

83
Q

Actintobacteria does not Gram Stain well and should therefore undergo __________ Staining instead?

A

Acid Fast

84
Q

Hansen’s Disease AKA

A

Lepracy

85
Q

Causes Tetanis

A

Clostridium tetani

86
Q

Causes Botulism

A

Clostridium botulinum

87
Q

Botulism prevents _______.

A

Muscle CONTRACTION

88
Q

Tetani prevents _________.

A

Muslce RELAXATION
#spasticparalysis

89
Q

What disease is common with long-term ABX use?

A

C. diff

90
Q

Causes C. diff

A

Clostridum difficile

91
Q

Symtpoms of C. diff

A

Deadly Diarrhea

92
Q

Common Tx of C. diff

A

fecal transplant

93
Q

Causes Anthrax

A

Bacillus anthracis

94
Q

Bacillus anthracis can form _______.

A

endospores

95
Q

What foods are often the culprits of Anthrax?

A

food poisoning in starchy foods

96
Q

Mortality Rate of Cutaneous, GI, and Pulmonary Anthrax Infections

A

Cutaneous 20%
GI 50%
Pulmonary nearly 100% death w/in 24 hours

97
Q

Describe Staphylococcus aureus

A

yellow, grapelike clusters of round bacteria

98
Q

suppurative

A

pus-producing

99
Q

Furuncle vs Carbuncle

A

Furuncle = Boil
Carbuncle = Deep Boil

100
Q

Which 2 Species can cause Impetigo

A

Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes

101
Q

Which 2 species are hemolytic on blood agar?

A

Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes

102
Q

Which Group of Streptococcus pyogenes is the most pathogenic?

A

Group A

103
Q

hemolytic

A

destroys RBCs (Red Blood Cells)

104
Q

Common Cause of Strep Throat

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

105
Q

Common Cause of Scarlett Fever

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

106
Q

necrotizing fasciitis

A

death of the connective tissue surrounding muscles, blood vessels, and nerves

107
Q

Causes Listeria

A

Listeria monocytogenes

108
Q

Causes Walking Pneumonia

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

109
Q

signs

A

OBJECTIVE evidence of disease and can be measured

(temp, BP, sweating, etc)

110
Q

symptoms

A

SUBJECTIVE evidence of disease - can’t be observed by others, but can be explained by the patient

(i.e. throbbing, pain, headache, hot, etc)

111
Q

What is the largest and most phenotypically diverse phylum of bacteria?

A

Proteobacteria

112
Q

Vector-Borne Disease

A

illness caused by infectious microbes and transmitted to people by blood-sucking arthropods

113
Q

vector

A

any arthropod that transmits disease by feeding

114
Q

chocolate agar

A

non-selective, enriched growth medium with sheep blood

115
Q

What are the two drugs the CDC recommends using to treat gonorrhea?

A

1 Dose Ceftriaxone & Azithromycin

116
Q

What color should spinal fluid be?

A

clear

117
Q

AMS

A

altered mental status

118
Q

meninges

A

membranes covering the brain and spinal cord

119
Q

nosocomial infections

A

infections acquired at a hospital or during healthcare treatment

120
Q

shape of vibrio bacteria

A

comma shaped

Microbiology (22 decks)

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