Lecture 14 - Principles of Disease & Epidemiology Flashcards
etiology
the cause of a disease
pathogenesis
how a disease develops
-genesis
to produce/origin
path/o
disease
virulence factors
factors that make a pathogen more pathogenic
What is the basis for disease?
cellular damage
signs
OBJECTIVE evidence of disease and can be measured
(temp, blood pressure, sweating, etc)
symptoms
SUBJECTIVE evidence of disease - cannot be observed by others, but can be explained by the patient
(throbbing, pain, headache, hot, etc)
Is bacteria ever normally found internally?
No.
Bacteria should only ever be found on external surfaces (remember: your GI tract is considered external).
What percent of your cells are bacteria versus human?
90% bacteria
10% human
Lactobacillus accidophilus produces _______.
Lactic Acid
competetive inhibition AKA microbial antagonism
normal bacteria protect against harmful microorganism simply by taking up space so that there is no room for harmful microorganisms to easily take up residence and cause adverse effects
Where in the body is Lactobacillus acidophilus commonly found?
the vagina
Symbiotic Relationship
the relationship between two species
Name the 3 main types of Symbiotic Relationships
- Mutualism
- Commensalism
- Parasitism
Mutualism
both organisms benefit
Parasitism
one oragnism benefits while the other is harmed
Commensalism
one organism benefits while the other is unaffected
What two vitamins does E. coli produce?
B12 and K vitamins
When is it strongly recommended to take probiotics?
When you are on strong antibiotics
- this helps to replace bacteria killed off by the antibiotic with bacteria that will be beneficial to you
Prebiotics
contains carbohydrates to feed the probiotics
Common treatment for C. diff
Fecal Transplant AKA Fecal Bacteriotherapy
What is the purpose of preempt probiotics?
It is sprayed onto baby chicks so that it will eventually get into their gut and competetively inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria such as salmonella
opportunistic pathogen
bacteria that are normally harmless, but become harmful when they get somewhere in the body where they normally are not found or the person is immunocompromised