Lecture 16 - Innate Immunity Flashcards
immunity
the body’s ability to fight off diseases
innate immunity AKA
nonspecific immunity
adaptive immunity AKA
specific or acquired immunity
Difference between Innate and Adaptive Immunity
innate immunity is our broad lines of defense which one is born with protects us from any kind of pathogen whereas adaptive immunity is acquired throughout one’s lifetime and works to protect us from specific pathogens
epidermis
the superficial portion of the skin
dermis
the deep portion of the skin
What makes skin waterproof?
keratin
tinea pedis AKA
athlete’s foot
Why is skin considered to be stratified epithelium?
skin is composed of epithelial cells which are stacked on top of each other in several layers
Name 4 primary areas of the body where mucous membranes are found:
- GI Tract
- Genitourinary Tract
-Respiratory Tract - Lining of the Eyes
What type of cells secretew mucous?
Goblet Cells
What is the Lacrimal Gland?
the gland located above the eye which produces tears and moisture to keep the eye wet and clean. Also contains lysozyme - an antimicrobial enzyme.
Which two body fluids are particularly rich in lysozyme?
Tears & Saliva
mucociliary escalator
cilia on epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract sweep mucus with trapped debris up and away from the lungs
cilia
hair-like projections on a cell
lysozyme
an enzyme which attacks peptigoglycan in cells walls
Is lysozyme more effective against Gram-Positive or Gram-Negative bacteria?
Gram-Positive
Gram-Positive Bacteria stains ____.
Purple
Gram-Negative Bacteria stains ______.
Pink
Discovered Lysozyme
Alexander Flemming
Oil Glands AKA
Sebaceous Glands
sebum
oil
Why are many areas of the body acidic?
The acidic environment make it harder for harmful bacteria to survive
pH of gastric juice
1.2 - 3.0
pH of saliva
6.55 - 8.55
pH of urine
6
pH of vagina
3-5
pH of earwax
3-5
Why should one be cautious of taking antacids?
antacids neutralize the pH of the stomah which could increase one’s risk of infection
bacteria species frequently causing stomach ulcers
H. pylori
competetive inhibition AKA microbial antagonism
normal bacteria protect against harmful microorganisms simply by taking up space (and sometimes by also creating bacteriocins) so that there is no room for harmful microorganisms to easily take up residence and cause adverse effects
bacteriocins
enzymes produced by bacteria which are harmful to other types of bacteria
Examples of the Body’s First Line of Defense Against Pathogens.
- skin
- mucous membranes
- acidic environment
- normal flow of body fluids
Examples of the Body’s Second Line of Defense Against Pathogens
- Phagocytosis
- Fever
- Inflammation
plasma
the the fluid portion of blood
platelets
fragments of megakaryocytes from the bone marrow and are important in blood clotting
WBC
White Blood Cells
RBC
Red Blood Cells