Lecture 10 - Intro to Bacteriology Flashcards
biology
the study of life
bio-
life
-ology
the study of
6 Characteristics of Living Things
- Made of Cells (organized)
- Acquisition of Materials and Energy
- Homeostasis (Regulate Internal Environment)
- Respond to Stimuli
- Reproduction & Development
- Evolutionary Adaptations
Organization of Living Things
Cells –> Tissues –> Organs –> Organ Systems –> Organisms
1st Characteristic of Living Things
Made of Cells
2nd Characteristc of Living things
Metabolism
Aquisition of Materials and Energy
Metabolism =
Anabolism + Catabolism
3rd Characteristic of Living Things
Regulate Internal Environment
siderophore
molecule secreted by bacteria that attach to Iron (Fe). The bacteria then reabsorb the siderophore attached to the Fe.
What element is particularly imporatant for bacteria?
Iron (Fe)
4th Characteristic of Living Things
Respond to Stimuli
Phototropism
plants turn towards light
Chemotaxis
movement of bacterial cells (runs and trumbles based on flagella rotation and chemical environment around the cell)
Sunflowers turning to face the sun is an example of ________.
Phototropism
5th Characteristic of Living Things
Reproduction & Development
#Grow&Change
6th Characteristic of Living Things
Evolutionary Adaptation
Evolution
process by which a species changes over time
Adaptations
modifications that make an organism suited to its way of life
Of the 6 Characteristics of Living Things, an organism needs ___ of the characteristic to be considered living.
All 6
Taxonomy is based on _________.
Evolutionary History
Hierarchy
a body of entities arranged in a graded series
From Largest to Smallest, List the Categories in the Taxonomy Hierarchy
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
What two types of Information are Used in Taxonomy
morphological appearance and molecular DNA/RNA sequences
Who Proposed the 3 Domain System?
Carl Woese (1978)
Characterisitcs of Archaea
unicellular
Characteristics of Bacteria
unicellular
Characteristics of Eukarya
larger & more complex
can be unicellular or multicellular
Can archaea make people sick?
No. There is no evidence showing that archaea are pathogenic to humans.
4 Kingdoms of Eukarya
Plants
Animals
Fungi
Protists
Binomial Nomenclature
two-name naming system
Two Kingdoms of Bacteria
- Archaebacteria
- Eubacteria
Which kingdom of Bacteria are we studying in this class?
Eubacteria
Wrote the Manual of Determinative Bacteriology and Manual of Systematic Bacteriology
David Henricks Bergey
Purpose of Biochemical Tests
test to see if bacteria produce specific enzymes
Dichotomous Key
a tool to ID organisms based off of their observable traits
PCR
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
technique used to rapidly replicate DNA/RNA in large enough quantitites to be measured and tested
(effective way of testing for COVID)
serological tests
study the serum (liquid part of blood) of individuals to see if antibodies against a specific pathogen are present
serum
liquid part of blood
seroconversion
the length of time it takes for an infection to show up on a serological test
Two Common Types of Serological Tests
ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)
Western Blotting
How long does an ELISA test typcially take?
~20 min
ELISA
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Western Blotting
method used to test for specific proteins in blood or tissue
Which test is more sensitive? Western Blotting or ELISA?
Western Blotting
Which test is more cheaper? Western Blotting or ELISA?
ELISA
Which Test Takes Longer? Western Blotting or ELISA?
Western Blotting
Which test is more expensive? Western Blotting or ELISA?
Western Blotting
Which test is faster? Western Blotting or ELISA?
ELISA
antigen
foreign substance that induces an immune response
antibody
a protein produced by the body for immunity and binds to foreign antigens
Which test is often used to confirm HIV? Western Blotting or ELISA?
Western Blotting
Taxonomy
the scince of naming and classifying organisms
