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Microbiology > Lecture 12 Part I - Fungi & Algae > Flashcards

Lecture 12 Part I - Fungi & Algae Flashcards

1
Q

Which Domain Do Fungi Belong To?

A

Eukarya

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2
Q

saprohphyte (saprobes)

A

get their nutrients by decomposing material

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3
Q

heterotrophs

A

get food from their environment

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4
Q

autotrophs

A

can make their own food

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5
Q

All fungi develop from ______.

A

spores

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6
Q

endospore

A

a protective coating formed around some BACTERIA which go dormant to survive harsh conditions

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7
Q

spores

A

how fungi reproduce

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8
Q

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

A

baker’s yeast / brewer’s yeast

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9
Q

mycoses

A

fungal infections

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10
Q

Of about 100,000 species of fungi, how many can cause disease in humans and animals?

A

~100

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11
Q

Can fungi grow in jam, syrup and honey with high osmotic pressure?

A

Yes.

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12
Q

Which generally can grow better in a more acidic environment: Bacteria or Fungi?

A

Fungi

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13
Q

Are yeasts unicellular or multicellular?

A

unicellular

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14
Q

Are molds unicellular or multicellular?

A

multicellular

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15
Q

Penicillium chrysogenum

A

mold used to make the antibiotic penicillin

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16
Q

Aspergillus niger AKA

A

black mold

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17
Q

Lycoperdon perlatum AKA

A

puffball

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18
Q

Agaricus bisporous AKA

A

pizza mushroom

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19
Q

thallus

A

the body of mold and fleshy fungi
composed of long, branched hyphae

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20
Q

hyphae

A

branching fillaments that make up the thallus (body) of fungi

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21
Q

Two Types of Hyphae

A

spetate & nonseptate

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22
Q

Aspergillus fumigatus

A

opportunistic pathogenic fungi

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23
Q

opportunistic pathogen

A

a microbe that is likely to cause disease in someone who is already ill, or immunocompromised as opposed to someone who is healthy.

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24
Q

mycelium

A

the network of tangled hyphae

(the mycelium is what makes molds look fuzzy)

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25
What fungi often causes bread, strawberries and other fruit to mold?
Rhizopus
26
On a fleshy, standard looking mushroom, where is the mycelium?
in the ground (looks like roots)
27
Are fungi reproduced sexually or asexually?
Either
28
Are Aspergiullus fungi septate or nonseptate?
Septate
29
Are Rhizopus fungi septate or nonseptate?
Non-Septate
30
Do yeasts reproduce sexualy or asexually?
Asexually
31
Two methods by which yeasts reproduce
- Budding - Fission
32
Difference between Budding and Fission
both are asexual methods via which yeasts reproduce, but BUDDING is an UNEVEN split of one yeast cell into two whereas FISSION is an EVEN splitting of one yeast cell into two.
33
pseudohyphae
fake appearing hyphae
34
Do yeasts form hyphae?
No, because they are unicellular.
35
Do yeasts for a mycelium?
No, because they are unicellular.
36
Dimorphic Fungi
can grow unicellular like a yeast or multicellular like a mold depending on the conditions of the environment
37
Histoplasma can cause ______.
pulmonary infections
38
Genus of Fungi Often Found in Chicken Poop
Histoplasma
39
chronic illness
long lasting illness
40
Are mycoses generally acute or chronic infections?
CHRONIC because fungi grow slowly
41
Systemic Infection
generally begins in the lungs and spreads throughout the whole body
42
Subcutaneous Infection
infection beneath the skin
43
Cutaneous Infection
infection of the skin
44
What type of fungi generally cause subcutaneous mycoses?
Saprophytic
45
What type of fungi generally cause cutaneous mycoses?
dermatophytes that can degrade the protective keratin barrier of the skin
46
Superficial Infection
infection along the hair shafts and surface of epidermal (skin) cells
47
Opportunistic Infection
normally harmless species can be pathogenic in someone who is immunocompromised, very young, or very old, etc
48
Valley Fever is caused by
Coccidioides immitis
49
Coccidiomycosis AKA
Valley Fever
50
What type of fungi is Coccidioides immitis?
dimorphic fungi (meaning it can be unicellular or multicellular depending on its environmental conditions)
51
Describe the symptoms of Coccidiodomycosis
- flu-like - 40% may require hospitalization - ulcers - heart inflammation - UTI
52
Treatment for a systemic fungal infection such as Coccidiodomyces
Amphotericin B
53
Amphotericin B is produced by which bacteria?
Streptomyces nodosus
54
Spororthrix Schenckii causes
Sporotrichosis
55
What type of fungi is Sporothrix schenckii?
Dimorphic Fungus
56
Sporotrichosis AKA
Rose Grower's Disease
57
Symptoms of Sporotrichosis
- ulcers - pus - may spread to lymphatic system
58
What can be used to treat a cutaneous sporotrichosis infection?
KI (potassium iodide)
59
What can be used to treat a systemic sporotrichosis infection?
Intraconazole or Amphotericin B
60
-azole
suffix indicating medications often used to treat fungal infections
61
Cutaneous Mycoses AKA _____ & _____.
Ring Worm or Tinea
62
Often causes tinea or ringworm
Malassezia furfur
63
often prescribed for oral thrush
Fluconazole
64
often prescribed for vaginal yeast infection
Fluconazole
65
Tinea capitis
fungal infection on the head
66
Tinea cruris AKA
Jock Itch
67
Tinea pedis AKA
Athlete's Foot
68
Tinea unguium AKA
Toenail Fungus
69
Tinea versicolor
superficial mycoses often causing dandruff
70
Fungi causing Tinea versicolor
Malassezia globosa
71
Fung often causing dandruff
Malassezia globosa
72
Fungi often causing pneumonia in patients with AIDS
Pneumocystis jiroveci
73
Causes candidiasis
Candida albicans
74
Causes Oral Thrush
Candida albicans
75
Causes Vaginal Yeast Infection
Candida albicans
76
Causes Cryptococcus
Cryptococcus neoformans (an encapsulated yeast)
77
Where is Cryptococcus neoformans often found?
bird droppings
78
Fungi that can cause meningitis or encephalitis
Cryptococcus neoformans
79
Are algae heterotrophs or autotrophs?
Autotrophs (becaue they can produce their own food)
80
What Eukaryotic Kingdom to algae belong to?
Protists
81
Can protists grow in snow?
yes
82
How do algae grow and produce their own food?
photosynthesis
83
algal bloom
seasonal changes causes excessive growth of algae which can ultimately kill off other aquatic life
84
3 types of algae
Brown Algae Red Algae Green Algae
85
Example of Brown Algae
Giant Kelp
86
Example of Red Algae
Agar (also found in coral reefs)
87
Dinoflagellates AKA
plankton
88
Red Tide
Red or Brown Dinoflagellates can produce neurotoxins which infect fish and shell fish
89
describe what a diatom looks like
unicellular algae with cell walls contianing pecitin and silica (super pretty and look like little beads or crystals under a microscope)
90
Two Molecules that Contibute to Excessive Growth of Algae
Phosphates & Nitrates
91

Microbiology (22 decks)

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