Lecture 12 Part I - Fungi & Algae Flashcards
Which Domain Do Fungi Belong To?
Eukarya
saprohphyte (saprobes)
get their nutrients by decomposing material
heterotrophs
get food from their environment
autotrophs
can make their own food
All fungi develop from ______.
spores
endospore
a protective coating formed around some BACTERIA which go dormant to survive harsh conditions
spores
how fungi reproduce
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
baker’s yeast / brewer’s yeast
mycoses
fungal infections
Of about 100,000 species of fungi, how many can cause disease in humans and animals?
~100
Can fungi grow in jam, syrup and honey with high osmotic pressure?
Yes.
Which generally can grow better in a more acidic environment: Bacteria or Fungi?
Fungi
Are yeasts unicellular or multicellular?
unicellular
Are molds unicellular or multicellular?
multicellular
Penicillium chrysogenum
mold used to make the antibiotic penicillin
Aspergillus niger AKA
black mold
Lycoperdon perlatum AKA
puffball
Agaricus bisporous AKA
pizza mushroom
thallus
the body of mold and fleshy fungi
composed of long, branched hyphae
hyphae
branching fillaments that make up the thallus (body) of fungi
Two Types of Hyphae
spetate & nonseptate
Aspergillus fumigatus
opportunistic pathogenic fungi
opportunistic pathogen
a microbe that is likely to cause disease in someone who is already ill, or immunocompromised as opposed to someone who is healthy.
mycelium
the network of tangled hyphae
(the mycelium is what makes molds look fuzzy)
What fungi often causes bread, strawberries and other fruit to mold?
Rhizopus
On a fleshy, standard looking mushroom, where is the mycelium?
in the ground (looks like roots)
Are fungi reproduced sexually or asexually?
Either
Are Aspergiullus fungi septate or nonseptate?
Septate
Are Rhizopus fungi septate or nonseptate?
Non-Septate
Do yeasts reproduce sexualy or asexually?
Asexually
Two methods by which yeasts reproduce
- Budding
- Fission
Difference between Budding and Fission
both are asexual methods via which yeasts reproduce, but BUDDING is an UNEVEN split of one yeast cell into two whereas FISSION is an EVEN splitting of one yeast cell into two.
pseudohyphae
fake appearing hyphae
Do yeasts form hyphae?
No, because they are unicellular.
Do yeasts for a mycelium?
No, because they are unicellular.
Dimorphic Fungi
can grow unicellular like a yeast or multicellular like a mold depending on the conditions of the environment
Histoplasma can cause ______.
pulmonary infections
Genus of Fungi Often Found in Chicken Poop
Histoplasma
chronic illness
long lasting illness
Are mycoses generally acute or chronic infections?
CHRONIC because fungi grow slowly
Systemic Infection
generally begins in the lungs and spreads throughout the whole body
Subcutaneous Infection
infection beneath the skin
Cutaneous Infection
infection of the skin
What type of fungi generally cause subcutaneous mycoses?
Saprophytic
What type of fungi generally cause cutaneous mycoses?
dermatophytes that can degrade the protective keratin barrier of the skin
Superficial Infection
infection along the hair shafts and surface of epidermal (skin) cells
Opportunistic Infection
normally harmless species can be pathogenic in someone who is immunocompromised, very young, or very old, etc
Valley Fever is caused by
Coccidioides immitis
Coccidiomycosis AKA
Valley Fever
What type of fungi is Coccidioides immitis?
dimorphic fungi
(meaning it can be unicellular or multicellular depending on its environmental conditions)
Describe the symptoms of Coccidiodomycosis
- flu-like
- 40% may require hospitalization
- ulcers
- heart inflammation
- UTI
Treatment for a systemic fungal infection such as Coccidiodomyces
Amphotericin B
Amphotericin B is produced by which bacteria?
Streptomyces nodosus
Spororthrix Schenckii causes
Sporotrichosis
What type of fungi is Sporothrix schenckii?
Dimorphic Fungus
Sporotrichosis AKA
Rose Grower’s Disease
Symptoms of Sporotrichosis
- ulcers
- pus
- may spread to lymphatic system
What can be used to treat a cutaneous sporotrichosis infection?
KI
(potassium iodide)
What can be used to treat a systemic sporotrichosis infection?
Intraconazole or Amphotericin B
-azole
suffix indicating medications often used to treat fungal infections
Cutaneous Mycoses AKA _____ & _____.
Ring Worm or Tinea
Often causes tinea or ringworm
Malassezia furfur
often prescribed for oral thrush
Fluconazole
often prescribed for vaginal yeast infection
Fluconazole
Tinea capitis
fungal infection on the head
Tinea cruris AKA
Jock Itch
Tinea pedis AKA
Athlete’s Foot
Tinea unguium AKA
Toenail Fungus
Tinea versicolor
superficial mycoses often causing dandruff
Fungi causing Tinea versicolor
Malassezia globosa
Fung often causing dandruff
Malassezia globosa
Fungi often causing pneumonia in patients with AIDS
Pneumocystis jiroveci
Causes candidiasis
Candida albicans
Causes Oral Thrush
Candida albicans
Causes Vaginal Yeast Infection
Candida albicans
Causes Cryptococcus
Cryptococcus neoformans
(an encapsulated yeast)
Where is Cryptococcus neoformans often found?
bird droppings
Fungi that can cause meningitis or encephalitis
Cryptococcus neoformans
Are algae heterotrophs or autotrophs?
Autotrophs
(becaue they can produce their own food)
What Eukaryotic Kingdom to algae belong to?
Protists
Can protists grow in snow?
yes
How do algae grow and produce their own food?
photosynthesis
algal bloom
seasonal changes causes excessive growth of algae which can ultimately kill off other aquatic life
3 types of algae
Brown Algae
Red Algae
Green Algae
Example of Brown Algae
Giant Kelp
Example of Red Algae
Agar
(also found in coral reefs)
Dinoflagellates AKA
plankton
Red Tide
Red or Brown Dinoflagellates can produce neurotoxins which infect fish and shell fish
describe what a diatom looks like
unicellular algae with cell walls contianing pecitin and silica
(super pretty and look like little beads or crystals under a microscope)
Two Molecules that Contibute to Excessive Growth of Algae
Phosphates & Nitrates
