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Public Health > Lecture 5- Environmental Health and Safety > Flashcards

Lecture 5- Environmental Health and Safety Flashcards

1
Q

What are some hazards veterinarians are exposed to in workplace

A

Animal-inflicted injuries
Exposure to hazardous chemicals, drugs and medications
Back injuries
Exposure to radiation or waste anesthetic gases
Injuries from violence

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2
Q

What is PLIT

A

Professional liability, business and personal insurance for veterinarians from AVMA

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3
Q

What are 5 commonly observed safety risks according to PLIT

A

Mishandling of hazardous materials
Slip, trip, fall risks
Lack of formal safety program
Inadequate bite prevention and animal handling protocols
Poor ergonomics

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4
Q

What is the hierarchy of controls from most effective (top) to least effective (bottom)

A

Elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls

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5
Q

What does elimination include and what is an example

A

Physically remove the hazard, preferred solution to protect workers because no exposure can occur

Ex: changing the work process to stop using toxic chemical, heavy object or sharp tool

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6
Q

What does substitution include and what is an example

A

Replace the hazard, safer alternative. Reduce potential for harmful effects and do not create new risks

Example: using Plant based printing inks instead of solvent based inks

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7
Q

What does engineering controls include

A

Isolate people from the hazard, reduce contact with workers

Example: modify equipment or workspace , protective barriers, ventilation

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8
Q

What is administrative control

A

Change the way people work, reduce duration, frequency or intensity of exposure.

Example: work process training, job rotation, ensuring adequate rest breaks, limiting access

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9
Q

What is PPE

A

Protect the worker with personal protective equipment

Example: gloves, safety glasses, hearing protection, hard hats, respirators

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10
Q

OSHA

A

Checks for workplace hazards, there are 200 points of compliance for every veterinary facility

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11
Q

What are the top 10 OSHA violations

A

Hazard communication program
Certification of PEE assessment
Fire and emergency plans
Employee training documentation
Material safety data sheets
Appropriate PPE
Chemical labeling
OSHA forms
Human food in Unsafe Areas
Waste anesthetic gases

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12
Q

Hazard communication program

A

Written plan dealing with chemicals

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13
Q

Certification of PPE assessment

A

Employers must document that an assessment of each employee’s personal protective equipment has been completed

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14
Q

Fire and emergency plans

A

follow OSHA guidelines to prepare employees to deal with fires and emergency evacuations for facilities with 11 or more employees

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15
Q

Employee training documentation

A

Training documents maintained that employees were trained in all aspects of written plans, PPE, hazards of workplace and training sessions annually

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16
Q

Material safety data sheets (MSDS)

A

Maintained for all chemicals listed as hazardous

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17
Q

Appropriate PPE

A

PPE must be proved to all employees

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18
Q

Chemical labeling

A

All chemical containers must be labeled with both the product name and appropriate caution, secondary containers must be labeled once filled, on average veterinary facilities have 100 inappropriately labeled chemical containers

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19
Q

OSHA forms

A

Must post appropriate OSHA poster in their workplace and employers with 11 or more employees must also maintain OSHA form 300, log of injuries and illness

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20
Q

Human food in unsafe areas

A

Human food should not be eaten, prepared or stored in areas with possible biological or chemical hazard

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21
Q

Waste anesthetic gases

A

System must be in place to prevent waste anesthetic gases from building up in area of use. Must have gas absorbing canister or high power fan

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22
Q

What does MSDS sheet contain

A

Information on potential hazards and how to work safely with chemical products, information on use, storage, and handling and emergency procedures, what to expect with exposure

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23
Q

what is medical waste according to EPA

A

Any solid waste that is generated in the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals, in research pertaining to, or production of testing of biologicals

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24
Q

What are some common examples of biomedical waste

A

Needles and syringes
Used bandages and gloves
Animal tissue
Blood and feces
Medications

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25
Q

Regulated medical waste (RMW)

A

Typically a subset of medical waste that poses a significant risk of transmitting infection to people

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26
Q

RMW in veterinary facilities limited to

A

Sharpe waste (needles, syringes with attached needles, suture needles, scalpels), animal carcasses, body parts, bedding and related waste when animals are intentionally infected with organisms likely to be pathogenic to healthy humans for purposes of research

27
Q

Medical waste vs regulated medical waste example

A

No infectious animal tissue are biomedical waste not regulated medical waste so can be put into regular solids waste stream

28
Q

Arizona biohazardous medical waste

A

Cultures or stocks, blood products, medical sharps, animal carcasses, body parts and bedding of animals infected with agents

29
Q

What 2 ways can medical sharps be handled

A

Generator can either treat waste and handle themselves or ship waste off site for treatment

30
Q

What syringes do not need to go in medical sharps container

A

Syringes that have never had a needle attached, syringes where needle or sharp had be attached and separate from syringe

31
Q

When are syringes considered not biohazardous

A

Syringes never attached to needle, syringes separated from needle, if they are not composed of bioharzardous items and do not contain discarded drugs or another regulated substance

32
Q

What must a generator obtain by transporter

A

Copy of tracking document signed by transporter signifying acceptance of biohazardous medical waste

33
Q

What should biohazardous medical waste that doesn’t include sharps be put in

A

Red disposable plastic bag that is leak resistance, impervious to moisture, sufficient strength to prevent tearing, sealed to prevent leakage during transport, place in secondary container

34
Q

Storage of biohazardous medical waste and solid waste

A

Can be stored alongside each other but the storage area shall not be used to store substances for human consumption or for medical supplies

35
Q

How many days can biohazardous medical waste stay in facilities before picked up

A

90 days or less

36
Q

How does EPA classifying RMW

A

industrial waste, which is a subset of non-hazardous waste

37
Q

What happens if hazardous and non-hazardous are combined

A

All materials are treated as hazardous

38
Q

What are the characteristics of hazardous waste

A

Ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, toxicity

39
Q

You dispose a needle that was used to give IV fluids in the sharps. What category of waste is the sharps container

A

RMW

40
Q

Your veterinary practice delivers antineoplastic pharmaceutical that is listed as hazardous waste via IV line and in the process of the delivering the drug, the IV line is contaminated with blood. What category of waste is the IV line

A

Hazardous

41
Q

You dispose of the IV line in sharps container what category waste in sharps container

A

Hazardous

42
Q

What two branches can solid waste be broken into

A

Hazardous and non-hazardous waste

43
Q

What are types of hazardous waste

A

Listed waste, characteristic waste, universal waste, mixed waste, dual waste, household hazardous waste

44
Q

What are types of non-hazardous waste

A

Municipal solid waste (poop) and industrial solid waste (body parts)

45
Q

What is the veterinary compliance assistance

A

Funded by EPA, provides pollution prevention and compliance assistance information. Covers veterinary hospital wastes and all the rules that apply to them

46
Q

Biological substance, category A

A

Materials known to contain certain etiologic agents, infectious substances transported in a form which, when exposure occurs it is capable of causing permanent disability or life threatening or fatal disease of humans or animals

47
Q

Biological substance, category B

A

Excreta, secrets, blood and its components, tissue, tissue fluids. Being shipped for purpose of diagnosis or investigation

48
Q

What materials are exempt from biological substance categories

A

Materials that do not contain infectious substance or that is unlikely to cause disease in humans or animals

49
Q

What is an example of category A biological substance

A

Bacillus anthrasis, brucellosis abortus, chlamydia pstittaci or eastern equine encephalitis virus

50
Q

What is an example of category B biological substances

A

Leptospirosis or suspected but not confirmed cases of category A infectious substances

51
Q

What are some examples exempt from being classified in biological substance categories

A

Chemistries, of samples that are non-infectious like cancer biopsies

52
Q

How do category A biological substances need to be packaged

A

Watertight primary container for specimens, absorbent material, watertight secondary container with lists of contents on the outside, United Nations rated rigid outer container with proper UN labeling

53
Q

How do category B biological substances need to be packaged

A

Leak proof primary container with specimen, absorbent material and leak proof secondary packaging like a sealed plastic bag, rigid outer package with proper markers

54
Q

How should exempt biological substances be packaged

A

Leak proof primary container with specimen, absorbent material and leak proof secondary packaging like a sealed plastic bag, rigid outer package marked “exempt animal specimen”
Biohazard symbols or bags should not be used

55
Q

What training is required to ship category A biological substances

A

Specific formal training and documentation is required for all staff who package or transports items

56
Q

What training is required to ship category B biological substances

A

Training required for all staff who package and transport, veterinarians who ship cultures must be hazmat trained

57
Q

Who oversees the conservation, protection and enhancement of soil, water and related natural resources

A

USDA natural resources conservation service

58
Q

Who publishes policies and procedures for issuance of national pollutant discharge elimination system

A

EPA

59
Q

Manure management

A

Contain so doesn’t contaminate waterways

Protect air quality- lagoons- undergo anaerobic respiration and pre-treat waste before it is used for fertilizer.

Reduce nutrient content of manure by manipulating food and genetics

60
Q

Recommendations from US fish and wildlife service to prevent secondary poisoning from pentobarbital

A

Cremate, bury deeply, prevent access of scavengers, educate clients on proper disposal, tag animal remains

61
Q

Depopulation primary mechanisms

A

Physical disruption of brain activity (blunt cranial trauma, PCD, gunshot)

Hypoxia (controlled low atmospheric pressure for poultry, N2, Ar, exsanguination

Direct depression of neurons function for life (CO2)

Eplileptiform brain activity (electrical stunning)

62
Q

What might be the only option to rapidly depopulate

A

Ventilation shutdown

63
Q

What are three common methods of carcass disposal

A

Incineration, burying, rendering

64
Q

What is the most preferred disposal method

A

Incineration

Public Health (25 decks)

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