Lecture 24: livestock associated diseases Flashcards
what is causative agent for anthrax
bacillus anthrasis
where is anthrax bacteria found
soil (favor alkaline soils with high calcium and magnesium)
what species is primarily affected by anthrax
ruminants
what are clinical signs of anthrax
fever up to 107, congested mucous membranes, dyspnea, depression, convulsions
often ruminants found dead with bleeding from natural orifices
pigs tend to have edema of head
how to control anthrax in animals
vaccinate in endemic areas, quarantine, hygiene and proper carcass disposal, do not open carcasses suspected of anthrax
how is anthrax transmitted to humans
contact with infected tissues or animal products
*not contagious
what are the 3 forms of transmission for anthrax
inhalation–> respiratory form
ingestion–> GI form
contact with skin wounds–> cutaneous form
how to prevent anthrax in humans
antibiotics, precautions when handling suspected tissues, control importation of meat and animal products
anthrax has been associated with the importation of what
hides
what is the causative agent of bovine TB
mycobacterium bovis
how is bovine TB transmitted
respiratory or ingestion
besides cattle, other hosts for what disease are considered to be dead end hosts
bovine TB
what are some animal reservoirs for TB
deer, brush tailed opossums, badgers, bison and kudu
what are some clinical signs of bovine TB
primarily affects respiratory system and associated lymph nodes, can be disseminated to other organs
what are public health veterinarians and USDA-FSIS personnel requires to do during post mortem inspection of suspected bovine TB
incise lymph nodes
how to control bovine TB in animals
eradication programs, routine testing in dairy cattle, postmortem inspection
how is mycobacterium bovis transmitted to humans
eating or drinking contaminated unpasteurized dairy products, direct contact with a wound
what are some symptoms in humans causes by mycobacterium bovis
fever, night sweats, and weight loss
what is the most pathogenic invasive species for brucellosis
B. melitensis
how do humans get infected with brucellosis
contact with infected animals, consumption of their products (milk and cheese)
what are some clinical signs of brucellosis
infertility, abortions, epididymitis
how to control for brucellosis in animals
vaccination for cattle, testing and culling
how to control brucellosis in humans
person to person transmission RARELY occurs, vaccination of cows, training of personnel on handling livestock abortions, training on handling vaccines
what is the causative agent in cryptosporidosis
cryptospordium (coccidian parasite)
what form of cryptosporidosis is commonly associated with disease in animals
C. parvum
what species is cryptosporidiosis typically seen in
dairy calves or lambs
how is cryptosporidiosis transmitted in calves
ingestion of oocysts
what is a major sign of cryptosporiodosis in cows
diarrhea
what is the number one cause of diarrhea in dairy cows in U.S.
C. parvum (cryptosporiodosis)
how to prevent cryptosporidosis
no specific treatment, disinfect and ensure passive transfer of immunity- feeding colustrum
what are some symptoms of cryptosporidiosis in humans
diarrhea, may be fatal in immunocompromised
what disease causes stunted growth in children
cryptosporidiosis
what is the causative agent of Q fever
bacteriu coxiella burnetii
C. burnetii naturally infects what species
sheep, goats, and cattle
Q fever typically causes what in livestock
abortion
how is C. burnetii bacteria shed
birth products, urine, feces and milk
how can people get Q fever
breathing in dust that has been contaminated with animal feces, urine, milk and birth products
what are some symptoms of Q fever in humans
flu like symptoms
pregnant women at risk for miscarriage, still birth, pre-term delivery or low infant birth weight
how to control for Q fever
avoid contact with animal around parturition, don’t consume raw milk or products
in what states is Q fever notifiable
all!
what is the causative agent for contagious echtherma (orf)
parapoxvirus (poxvirus)
what species is parapoxvirus typically present in
sheep and goats
how can humans get Org
contamination of wounds when in contact with infected tissue, animals or fomites
how to prevent orf in animals
vaccine
how to prevent orf in humans
PPE
what is causative agent of leptospirosis
leptospira
what are clinical signs of leptospirosis in cattle
acute deaths (uncommon), abortions, blood tinged urine, blood in milk, infertility and early embryonic deaths
how to control leptospirosis in animals
vaccines and minimizing access to widlife
how can humans become infected with leptospirosis
urine or other body fluids from infected animals, contact with water, soil or food contaminated with urine from infected animals
what are some clinical signs of leptospirosis in humans
high fever, headache, chills, muscle aches, vomiting, jaundice, red eyes, abdominal pain
how to prevent leptospirosis in people
avoid contact with soil or animals that are potentially affected, PPE
