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Public Health > Lecture 24: livestock associated diseases > Flashcards

Lecture 24: livestock associated diseases Flashcards

1
Q

what is causative agent for anthrax

A

bacillus anthrasis

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2
Q

where is anthrax bacteria found

A

soil (favor alkaline soils with high calcium and magnesium)

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3
Q

what species is primarily affected by anthrax

A

ruminants

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4
Q

what are clinical signs of anthrax

A

fever up to 107, congested mucous membranes, dyspnea, depression, convulsions

often ruminants found dead with bleeding from natural orifices

pigs tend to have edema of head

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5
Q

how to control anthrax in animals

A

vaccinate in endemic areas, quarantine, hygiene and proper carcass disposal, do not open carcasses suspected of anthrax

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6
Q

how is anthrax transmitted to humans

A

contact with infected tissues or animal products

*not contagious

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7
Q

what are the 3 forms of transmission for anthrax

A

inhalation–> respiratory form
ingestion–> GI form
contact with skin wounds–> cutaneous form

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8
Q

how to prevent anthrax in humans

A

antibiotics, precautions when handling suspected tissues, control importation of meat and animal products

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9
Q

anthrax has been associated with the importation of what

A

hides

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10
Q

what is the causative agent of bovine TB

A

mycobacterium bovis

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11
Q

how is bovine TB transmitted

A

respiratory or ingestion

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12
Q

besides cattle, other hosts for what disease are considered to be dead end hosts

A

bovine TB

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13
Q

what are some animal reservoirs for TB

A

deer, brush tailed opossums, badgers, bison and kudu

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14
Q

what are some clinical signs of bovine TB

A

primarily affects respiratory system and associated lymph nodes, can be disseminated to other organs

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15
Q

what are public health veterinarians and USDA-FSIS personnel requires to do during post mortem inspection of suspected bovine TB

A

incise lymph nodes

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16
Q

how to control bovine TB in animals

A

eradication programs, routine testing in dairy cattle, postmortem inspection

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17
Q

how is mycobacterium bovis transmitted to humans

A

eating or drinking contaminated unpasteurized dairy products, direct contact with a wound

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18
Q

what are some symptoms in humans causes by mycobacterium bovis

A

fever, night sweats, and weight loss

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19
Q

what is the most pathogenic invasive species for brucellosis

A

B. melitensis

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20
Q

how do humans get infected with brucellosis

A

contact with infected animals, consumption of their products (milk and cheese)

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21
Q

what are some clinical signs of brucellosis

A

infertility, abortions, epididymitis

22
Q

how to control for brucellosis in animals

A

vaccination for cattle, testing and culling

23
Q

how to control brucellosis in humans

A

person to person transmission RARELY occurs, vaccination of cows, training of personnel on handling livestock abortions, training on handling vaccines

24
Q

what is the causative agent in cryptosporidosis

A

cryptospordium (coccidian parasite)

25
Q

what form of cryptosporidosis is commonly associated with disease in animals

A

C. parvum

26
Q

what species is cryptosporidiosis typically seen in

A

dairy calves or lambs

27
Q

how is cryptosporidiosis transmitted in calves

A

ingestion of oocysts

28
Q

what is a major sign of cryptosporiodosis in cows

A

diarrhea

29
Q

what is the number one cause of diarrhea in dairy cows in U.S.

A

C. parvum (cryptosporiodosis)

30
Q

how to prevent cryptosporidosis

A

no specific treatment, disinfect and ensure passive transfer of immunity- feeding colustrum

31
Q

what are some symptoms of cryptosporidiosis in humans

A

diarrhea, may be fatal in immunocompromised

32
Q

what disease causes stunted growth in children

A

cryptosporidiosis

33
Q

what is the causative agent of Q fever

A

bacteriu coxiella burnetii

34
Q

C. burnetii naturally infects what species

A

sheep, goats, and cattle

35
Q

Q fever typically causes what in livestock

A

abortion

36
Q

how is C. burnetii bacteria shed

A

birth products, urine, feces and milk

37
Q

how can people get Q fever

A

breathing in dust that has been contaminated with animal feces, urine, milk and birth products

38
Q

what are some symptoms of Q fever in humans

A

flu like symptoms
pregnant women at risk for miscarriage, still birth, pre-term delivery or low infant birth weight

39
Q

how to control for Q fever

A

avoid contact with animal around parturition, don’t consume raw milk or products

40
Q

in what states is Q fever notifiable

A

all!

41
Q

what is the causative agent for contagious echtherma (orf)

A

parapoxvirus (poxvirus)

42
Q

what species is parapoxvirus typically present in

A

sheep and goats

43
Q

how can humans get Org

A

contamination of wounds when in contact with infected tissue, animals or fomites

44
Q

how to prevent orf in animals

A

vaccine

45
Q

how to prevent orf in humans

A

PPE

46
Q

what is causative agent of leptospirosis

A

leptospira

47
Q

what are clinical signs of leptospirosis in cattle

A

acute deaths (uncommon), abortions, blood tinged urine, blood in milk, infertility and early embryonic deaths

48
Q

how to control leptospirosis in animals

A

vaccines and minimizing access to widlife

49
Q

how can humans become infected with leptospirosis

A

urine or other body fluids from infected animals, contact with water, soil or food contaminated with urine from infected animals

50
Q

what are some clinical signs of leptospirosis in humans

A

high fever, headache, chills, muscle aches, vomiting, jaundice, red eyes, abdominal pain

51
Q

how to prevent leptospirosis in people

A

avoid contact with soil or animals that are potentially affected, PPE

Public Health (25 decks)

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