Lecture 2- Health of Animals- private and public practice veterinary roles Flashcards
What six core domains of public health do veterinarians contribute to
Diagnosis, surveillance, epidemiology, control, prevention, elimination of zoonotic diseases
What are some examples of public health practices performed by veterinarians
Performing a routine health exam, immunization records, parasite control programs, advising on risk of animal contact for immunocompromised individuals, service dogs, promoting human-animal bond
Examples of indirect zoonoses and non-zoonotic communicable diseases in small animals
West Nile, coccidiomycosis
Examples of indirect zoonoses and non-zoonotic communicable diseases in large animals
Bovine leukosis, foot and mouth disease, fowlpox
What are some examples of how livestock increasingly vulnerable to infectious diseases
Increasing intensity and concentration of production agriculture
Genetic convergence
External contact
Scale and frequency of transport
Increasing size of feedlots
Lack of immunity
Porous national borders
Shortage of epidemiologists
What are some government roles held by veterinarians
Overseeing food safety inspection programs, disease surveillance, outbreak investigation, lab animal care, biomedical research, public health programs
What 3 agencies are responsible for ensuring food, animal feed, drugs, vaccines, and devices
FDA, USDA, EPA
What programs are responsible for possession, use, and transfer of certain biologic agents and toxins that have potential to pose a severe threat to public health
Federal Select Agent Program (jointly administered by CDC and USDA’s animal and plant health inspection service (APHIS)/Agriculture select Agent services (AgSAS)
What does the FDA regulate
All foods and food ingredients introduced into or offered for sale in interstate commerce except for meat, poultry and certain processed eggs
What does FDA Center for veterinary medicine regulate
Animal drugs, animal feeds, and veterinary devices
What does USDA regulate
Vaccines and biologics
What does EPA regulate
Pesticides
Who regulates kibble
FDA
Who regulates the rabies vaccine
USDA
Who regulates anthrax
USDA
Who regulates frontline
EPA
Who regulates revolution
FDA
What are the differences between what FDA and EPA regulate
EPA regulates most topical insecticides but FDA regulates products used to control external pests intended to act systemically (oral)
What program enhances public health and well-being by protecting the public from foodborne illness and ensuring that the nations meat, poultry, and egg products are safe
Food safety and inspection services (FSIS)
What program centers around animal and plant health, addresses animal welfare, biotechnology, wildlife damage, global trade
Animal and Plant health inspection (APHIS)
What is the role of the state veterinarian
Directly protecting livestock, poultry and aquaculture industries. Indirectly protecting the public through prevention, early detection, containment and eradication of economically important livestock.
Also regulates importation, transportation and processing of animals
Conduct investigations and prosecutions relating to cases of anima cruelty.
What is the role of state public health veterinarians
Work in zoonotic disease control and prevention, directly focusing on protecting public health
What are the differences between state veterinarians and public health veterinarians
SPHV work for state health department whereas SV works for state agriculture department
SPHV works in zoonotic disease control and prevention
SV target livestock disease
What is the role of the national association of state public health veterinarians (NASPHV)
Helps direct and develop uniform public health procedures involving zoonotic disease in the US
What is the role of American association of food safety and public health veterinarians (AAFSPHV)
Promote science and art of food safety, public health, epidemiology, and preventative medicine by providing an expert forum for the discussion of issues of importance to veterinary profession and development of professional recommendations and resolutions
Supports programs to promote and improve professional education, communication, collaboration among public health veterinarians to reduce human illness, animal illness and promote public health
What is the role of the US house veterinary medicine caucus
Provides a forum to keep members informed about opportunities and challenges facing veterinary medicine.
Helps increase awareness of the importance of veterinary medicine on research, public health, animal health and welfare, food safety, and overall economy.
What key legislation introduced by US House veterinary medicine Caucus
Vet med act, veterinary medicine loan repayment program enhancement act, one health act
What is the role of US senate veterinary medicine caucus
Inform public policy that recognizes the crucial roles of veterinarians in all forms of clinical practice and in non-clinical roles
Federal inspection of meat and poultry
Translational research benefitting both humans and animals
Animal and zoonotic disease prevention, detection and response
What is the role of the AVMA and legislative advisory committee (LAC)
Formulating and implementing AVMA legislative policy and positions on federal regulatory protocols
Why does AVMA exist
Establish one legislative voice for veterinary medicine, ensure that the needs and concerns of all industries within veterinary medicine are incorporating, integrate needs and concerns that represent bests interest of veterinary medicine
World Health Organization international health regulations and reporting disease
Notification is based on the identification within a state party’s territory of an event that may constitute a public health emergency of international concern
What is the role of national notifiable disease surveillance system (NNDSS)
Helps public health monitor, control and prevent about 120 diseases
What is the world organization for animal health reportable diseases (WOAH)
Intergovernmental organization responsible for improving animal health worldwide, collects and publishes information about animal diseases, maintains list of reportable diseases
What state agencies are veterinary professionals mandates to report potential zoonotic diseases to
AZ department of Agriculture (ADA), AZ Game and Fish department (AGFD) and AZ department of health services (ADHS)
Where must the following diseases be reported to: Anthrax, avian influenza, brucellosis, tuberculosis, equine encephalomyelitis, Q fever, vesicular stomatisis
AZ department of Agriculture (ADA)
How is anthrax transmitted
Contact, aerosol, vector
How is avian influenza, brucellosis, tuberculosis spread
Contact, aerosol
How is equine encephalomyelitis spread
Vector
How is Q fever and vesicular stomatitis spread
Contact, aerosol, vector
What agency do you report the following diseases to: leptospirosis and west Nile virus
AZ department of agriculture (ADA) and AZ department of health services (ADHS)
How does leptospirosis spread
Contact, aerosol
How does West Nile virus spread
Vector
What agency do you report the following diseases to: rabies, tularemia, psittacosis/avian chlamydiosis
AZ department of agriculture, AZ department of health services (ADHS), and AZ Department of game and Fish (AGFD)
How does rabies spread
Contact
How does tularemia spread
Vector, contact, aerosol
How does psittacosis spread
Contact, aerosol
What is the role of the USDA APHIS accredited veterinarian
Allowed to practice and perform procedures that will help the USDA with furthering their mission of protecting animal health
Prepare health papers to move across state or international borders, perform testing for government program diseases, front line support in defending US from emerging diseases
USDA APHIS Control and eradication programs
Quarantines, testing and examination to detect infection, destroy infection, treatment to eliminate parasites, vaccination, cleaning infected areas
What diseases are under APHIS control and eradication programs
Brucellosis, Johne’s disease, pseudorabies, tuberculosis, transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, chronic wasting disease
What are the 3 different category I FADs detected in US
New world screwworm Myiasis, old world screwworm myiasis, rabbit hemorrhagic disease
