Lecture 13: Food Marketing and Regulatory Requirements Flashcards
What factors influence the food market
Demographics, consumption patterns, food outlets, branding issues, international food markets, government programs
How do lower birth rates in developed countries impact food demand
Lower demand for school lunch boxes and baby food
Food outlets, price and convenience
Sources of prepared foods broadening, made to order and food is increasingly being consumed outside of home, prices take a back seat to convenience
What happens to price of agricultural products when production increases
Price drops
What percentage of price per raw farm product goes to farmer
5%
What does organic mean
Raw or processed agricultural product sold, labeled or represented as organic must contain not less than 95% organically produced raw or processed agricultural products
Products without: genetic engineering, ionizing radiation, synthetic pesticides, or chemical fertilizer
What is the organic livestock standard in mammals
Managed organically from last 3rd of gestation
What is the organic livestock standards for poultry
Managed organically from 2nd day of life
What are general organic livestock standards
Allowed year round access to outdoors, raised on certified organic land and fed 100% organic feed, no use of drugs to prevent disease/parasites, treatment in illness is allowed but meat, milk, or eggs can’t be marketed as organic
Who enforces products being organic
USDA NOP
What does USDA NOP certifiers do
Inspect farms, investigate alleged violations, sample for prohibited substances
Is organic better (health and safety wise)
No evidence that suggests it is healthier but it may be safer as it reduces exposure to pesticides and antibiotic resistant bacteria
Is organic better for the environment?
Soil building practices- crop rotation, cover crops, organic fertilizers, less pollution of ground water with pesticides, contribute to biodiversity, BUT inefficient
Raised “cage free”
Poultry raised for meat in U.S. aren’t raised in cages
No hormones or steroids added
Federal regulations have prohibited this for decades
Why was the USDA food and nutrition service established
Help low income households and increase consumption of agricultural surplus products
How was the food stamp legislation under the Farm Bill originally degraded and what was the solution
Originally degraded by purchase of non-nutritive foods but in 2014 Farm Bill was expanded authorized SNAP retailers to provide incentives for purchase of fresh fruits/vegetables
Why do we important foods
Some more economical, niche markets in US, perceived to be better
How many federal agencies monitor laws related to food safety
15- which can pose challenges to ensuring food safety
What organizations does food safety regulation in the US primarily fall under
FDA and USDA-FSIS
What organization creates the food code that provides model provisions for regulating retail and food service entities that most local and county health departments adopt
FDA
What are some food safety challenges
Increasing fraction of US food is imported, consumers are eating more raw foods, increasing fraction of Americans are immunocomprimised, president assigns multiple agencies to safeguard food supply and none have central authority, food recalls are coordinated by FDA, USDA, and CDC
What are the departments in presidents cabinet for food safety
Agriculture, commerce, and health and human services
What are the sub departments of US department of agriculture
FSIS and APHIS
USDA food safety and inspection services (FSIS)
Protects public from foodborne illness and ensuring meat, poultry and egg products are safe
What does FSIS oversee
Domestic and imported meat and poultry, products that contain meat or poultry- stews, pizza, and frozen foods, processed eggs, catfish
Who is the primary food regulatory agency within the USDA
FSIS
Federal meat inspection act
Requires the usda to inspect all food animals when slaughtered and processed, ensures foreign products are processed under equivalent US standards
Poultry products inspection act
Provides inspection of poultry and poultry products, regulates processing and distribution of poultry to prevent sale of misbranded or adulterated products, ensures foreign products are processed under equivalent US standards
Egg products inspection act
Provides for the inspection of certain egg products, qualities, and uniform standard for eggs, regulates processing and distribution of egg and egg products
USDA-APHIS
Responsible for production and transportation (pre-slaughter), border inspection and quarantine, veterinary services, animal health and international services
What are the veterinary services provided under USDA-APHIS
Chief veterinary office and national animal disease surveillance
What are the sub departments under US department of health and human services
FDA and CDC
FDA food, drug and cosmetic act
Tightened controls over food and drugs and enhanced governments ability to enforce the law
Law has been amended 100 times
What does FDA have regulatory authority over
Shell eggs, bottled water, wine less than 7% alcohol, pet and livestock foods, veterinary drugs, infant formulas, dietary supplements, adulteration and misbranding of food, drugs and cosmetics
In what ways does the FDA enforce food safety regulations
Production standards, inspections, analysis of samples, monitor animal drugs and feed used in food-producing animals, develop model codes, mandates to recall unsafe food, education and outreach
FDA food safety modernization act (FSMA)
2011- law to protect public health more effectively by strengthening food safety system by focusing on preventing food safety problems before they occur, foodborne illness and outbreak surveillance systems
Who is tasked for foodborne illness and outbreak surveillance system
FDA and CDC
what is foodnet
Collaborative project starting from CDC with FDA and USDA
CDC and FSMA
Investigates foodborne disease outbreaks, research and education, enforcement authority for cruise ship sanitation
National marine fisheries service
Part of the department of commerce, management of living marine resources
Environmental protection agency (EPA)
Regulates authority for pesticides and toxins by deterring safety of new products, setting tolerance levels for residues in food
Who establishes safe drinking water standards
EPA
Who would handle the breeding of hens and producing of eggs on farm
USDA:APHIS
Who would handle the cleaning and packaging of eggs at processing plants
USDA
Who would handle transporting eggs to wholesalers and retailers
FDA
Who would handle the handling and preparing eggs at restaurants, institution and homes
State and municipal health departments
Who handles shelled eggs
FDA
Who handles broken eggs
FSIS
Who regulates pasta
FDA
Who handles meat sauce
USDA
Who inspects chicken soup
USDA
Who regulates egg beaters
FDA
Who regulates meat on sandwich as long as it contains 50% cooked meat
USDA
Who regulates sandwich with meat if less than 50% is cooked
FDA
Who regulates pepperoni pizza
USDA
Who regulates a cheese pizza
FDA
What is the food safety working group
Organization to promote the collaboration and formation of one food safety agency, but is no longer meeting
World trade organization sanitary and phytosanitary organization
States that to harmonize sanitary and phytosanitary measures on as wide a basis as possible, members base their measures on international standards
WOAH
World organization for animal health- guidelines for WTO sanitary and phytosanitary agreement
FAO/WHO
Standard setting organization for food safety- used in WTO sanitary and phytosanitary agreement
Codex alimentarius
Aka food code- collection of standards, guidelines and codes of practice relating to food safety and quality
Codex alimentarious commission
Established in 1963 by FAO and WHO to protect consumer health and promote fair practices in food trade
Office international de Epizooties (OIE)
Now WOAH
OIE is the intergovernmental organization responsible for improving animal health worldwide
