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Public Health > Lecture 26: Arthropod Borne zoonoses of North America > Flashcards

Lecture 26: Arthropod Borne zoonoses of North America Flashcards

1
Q

how do insects act as disease vectors

A

mechanical vectors or biological vectors

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2
Q

what is a mechanical vector

A

acting merely as a “dirty syringe” going from host to host

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3
Q

what are some examples of mechanical vectors and associated disease

A
  1. house flies carrying shigella or salmonella
  2. fleas carrying yersinia pestis
  3. deer flies or ticks carrying francisella tularensis
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4
Q

what are biological vectors

A

important stages of infectious agents lifecycle takes place in insect host

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5
Q

what are some examples of diseases associated with biological vectors

A

West nile, colorado tick fever, powassan encephalitis, lyme, rift valley fever, RMSF

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6
Q

why are insects effective disease vectors

A

insects are synathropic, dependet on humans for food and habitat creator

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7
Q

what type of bacteria is RMSF

A

gram negative coccobacillus

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8
Q

how is RMSF transmitted

A

dermacentor and ixode ticks

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9
Q

what is a common reservoir for RMSF

A

rodents

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10
Q

what are symptoms of RMSF

A

flu like symptoms with rash, vascular damage (can lead to limb amputation)

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11
Q

what are some common symptoms of RMSF in dogs

A

fever, enlarged LNs, joint inflammation

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12
Q

what are some bacterial arthropod-borne zoonoses

A

lyme disease, plague, tularemia, rickettsia

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13
Q

what are some viral arthropod -borne zoonoses

A

west nile, EEE/WEE/VEE, powassan encephalitis, colorado tick fever

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14
Q

what are some parasitic arthropod-borne zoonoses

A

chagas, babesia, leishmania

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15
Q

what is causative agent of lyme disease

A

borrelia burgdoferi gram negative spirochete

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16
Q

what is reservoir for lyme disease

A

rodents

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17
Q

what is mode of transmission for lyme and who is incidental host

A

mode of transmission: deer ticks
incidental hosts: humans and pets

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18
Q

where is lyme disease most common in U.S.

A

new england and upper midwest

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19
Q

what are some symptoms of lyme disease

A

flu-like bulls eye rash, joint pain, fatigue, CNS abnormalities

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20
Q

what disease can cause shifting leg lameness in animals

A

lyme disease

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21
Q

how long must a tick stay attached/feed to transmit disease

A

36-48hrs

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22
Q

how to prevent lyme

A

preventatives and repellents, adequate clothing, remove promptly

23
Q

what is the causative agent of EEE/WEE

A

togaviruses

24
Q

what transmits EEE/WEE to humans and horses

A

culiseta mosquitoes

25
Q

what species serves as an amplifying reservoir for EEE/WEE

A

birds

26
Q

are people infected with EEE/WEE largely symptomatic or asymptomatic

A

95% asymptomatic

27
Q

what is a common symptom of EEE/WEE in horses

A

neurologic disease

28
Q

what type of virus is powassan encephalitis

A

flavivirus-ssRNA virus

29
Q

what are the reservoirs for powassan encephalitis

A

mice ad other rodents

30
Q

how is powassan encephalitis transmitted

A

deer ticks and groundhog tick (ixodes cookei)

31
Q

where are most cases of powassan encephalitis in U.S.

A

new england and upper midwest

32
Q

what are some symptoms in humans with powassan encephalitis

A

rare, flu-like +/- encephalitis

33
Q

what are the symptoms of powassan encephalitis in animals

A

none noted

34
Q

who is the incidental host for powassan encephalitis

A

humans

35
Q

what type of virus is colorado tick fever

A

dsRNA virus

36
Q

what are the reservoirs for colorado tick fever

A

squirrels, chipmunks and mice

37
Q

how is colorado tick fever transmitted

A

rock mountain wood tick (dermacentor andersoni)

38
Q

where are most cases of colorado tick fever

A

mountain west extending into western canada

39
Q

what are some symptoms of colorado tick fever in humans

A

flu like+/- biphasic fever and rash, rarely CNS symptom

40
Q

what are some symptoms of colorado tick fever in animals

A

none noted

41
Q

who is the incidental host for rocky mountain wood ticks in colorado mountain fever

A

humans

42
Q

what is the causative agent of chagas disease

A

trypanosoma cruzi

43
Q

who is the reservoir for chagas disease

A

rodents and small mammals

44
Q

how is chagas disease transmitted

A

via “kissing bugs”, triatoma spp

occur when insect defecates on feeding site

45
Q

where is chagas disease most commonly found

A

souther states bordering mexico

46
Q

what are the symptoms of chagas disease in humans

A

swelling at injection site, fever, fatigue, and rash

47
Q

what are some symptoms of chagas disease in animals

A

rodents: asymptomatic
dogs: depression, lethargy

48
Q

what is a common parasitic zoonoses that can be transmitted via blood and organ transfusions/transplants

A

chagas disease

49
Q

how to prevent chagas disease

A

clean brush and ensure sealed entry points, integrated pest management and insecticides, screen blood and organs

50
Q

what is the causative agent of babesia

A

babesia microti

51
Q

what is the reservoir for babesia

A

rodents and small mammals

52
Q

how is babesia transmitted

A

ticks- ixodes scapularis, typically nymph stage

blood transfusions

53
Q

what are the symptoms of babesia in animals

A

rodents: asymptomatic
animals: anemia

Public Health (25 decks)

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