Lecture 23: Rodent Borne Zoonoses of North American and Integrated Pest Management Flashcards
what species is linked yo hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome
deer mice
what are two ways rats and mice act as disease vectors
disease reservoirs and disease carriers
what are disease resevoirs
disease hosts that rarely transmit the disease directly humans (vector often required)
what are some examples of diseases in which rats and mice are disease resevoirs
plague, borna disease, powassan encephalitis, colorado tick fever, lyme disease, scrub typhus
what are disease carriers
species that can directly transmit that disease to humans
what are some examples of diseases that rats and mice are disease carriers for
hantavirus, leptospirosis, colorado tick fever, and tularemia
why are rats and mice effective disease vectors
rodents are synanthropic species and important human competitors for food
rodents are a good intermediary between humans and environment
and rodents continually expand their range
are the following bacterial or viral zoonoses: plague, tularemia, leptospirosis, lyme, rat bite fever
bacterial
are the following bacterial or viral zoonoses: hantavirus, monkey pox, lassa fever, and LCMV
viral
what is the causative agent for plague
yersinia pestis
what type of bacteria is plague
gram negative coccabacilli
who serves as a reservoir for plague
rodents
where are the most cases of plague in U.S.
mountain west
what are some symptoms of bubonic plague
enlarged lymph nodes
what are some symptoms of pneumonic plague
severe, acute pneumonia
what are some symptoms of septicemia form
severe fever, chills, malaisewh
what are symptoms of plague in rodents
rarely symptomatic
what is most dangerous form of plague
septicemic
what is mode of transmission for plague
fleas (xenopsylla)
aerosolization
direct transmission through handling carcasses
what is causative agent in tularemia
francisella tularensis
what type of bacteria is tularemia
gram negative coccobacilli
how can rodents transmit tularemia
direct to humans via contact and bodily fluids, or mechanical transmission via insects
where are the most cases of tularemia in U.S.
midwest river valleys
what are some symptoms of glandular form of tularemia
enlarged lymph nodes
what are some symptoms of pneumonic tularemia
severe, acute pneumonia
what are some symptoms of typhoidal tularemia
severe fever, chills, malaise
which form of tularemia is most common and treatable, which form is most fatal
most common/treatment: glandular
most severe: typhoidal
what are modes of transmission for tularemia
direct contact with small rodents serving as carriers or through either tick bites or biting flies with rodents serving as a reservoir, aerosolization
what is causative agent in leptospirosis
leptospira interrogans
what type of bacteria is leptospirosis
gram negative spirochete
how is leptospirosis transmitted in rodents
via urine
what are some symptoms of leptospirosis
flu like symptoms, renal disease- back pain, PU, hepatic disease, jaundice
where are the most cases of leptospirosis seen
tropical areas
in U.S. found near bodies of water
what is mode of transmission of leptospirosis
direct contact with urine or urine contaminated water sources
how to prevent transmission of leptospirosis
avoid contact with urine from suspected cases and treat water in endemic areas, canine vaccinations
what is causative disease agent of murine typhus
rickettsia typhi
what is the reservoir for rickettsia typhi and how is it transmitted
rodents are reservoirs and transmitted via fleas
what are symptoms of murine typhus
flu like symptoms, rash
what is mode of transmission of murine typhus
fleas feeding on both reservoir species and humans
how to prevent murine typhus
adequate hygiene, rodent and flea control
what is causative agent for hantavirus
bunyaviridae
who is the carrier for hantavirus
rodents
where are most cases of hantavirus
mountain west
what are some symptoms of hantavirus
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome with flu like symptoms, respiratory distress
what is mode of transmission of hantavirus
aerosolization of rodent urine and feces
how to prevent hantavirus
rodent control and prevent aerosolization of rodent droppings
what is causative agent for monkey pox
poxviridae
who is carrier for monkey pox
rodents
where are most cases of monkey pox seen
west africa, predominantly nigeria
what are some symptoms of monkey pox
flu like lesions, pox lesions on hands and genital areasw
what are symptoms of monkey pox in rodents
oculonasal discharge, pox lesions
what is mode of transmission of monkey pox
handling affected rodents/primates, close contact
how to prevent monkey pox
small pox vaccination (cross protection) and rodent control
what are the steps in integrated pest management
- categorize problems
- set action points
- identify problem species
- understand the lifecycle/behavior of those species
- monitor for evidence of those species and problems
- seeks solutions that focus on preventing these problems and not destroying species
integrated pest management for rodents
eliminate potential food sources, eliminate routes of entry
integrated pest management for insects
remove potential breeding grounds, biological control
how do tick tubes work
- ticks feed on mice
- put tubes in ground that have cotton balls treated with permethrin insecticide
- mice collect the treated cotton and use it to line nest
- ticks on mice die
