Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Public Health > Lecture 20: Zoonotic Disease of Southwest > Flashcards

Lecture 20: Zoonotic Disease of Southwest Flashcards

1
Q

what exacerbates zoonotic diseases in AZ

A

diversity of wildlife, disparities across communities, extreme climate, varying topography, close proximity to international border

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where does tularemia occur in world

A

north america, Europe, former soviet union, china and japan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Tularemia occurs year round but increases at what time of year

A

winter due to increased hunting/contact with rabbits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

for children specifically when is tularemia more common

A

summer when ticks and fleas more abundant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

tularemia is typically present as what in lab settings

A

primary pneumonia or typhoidal tularemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3rd most common reported lab associated bacterial infection

A

tularemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

tularemia is usually found in areas above ___ ft

A

3000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

tularemia causative agent

A

francisella tularensis, gram negative bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what disease is considered a potential bioterrorism weapon

A

tularemia because airborne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

incubation period for tularemia

A

1-14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

is tularemia directly transmitted from person to person

A

no but drainage from tularemia lesions is potentially infectious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how long can flies and ticks remain infected with tularemia

A

flies-14 days
ticks-lifetime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are symptoms of tularemia

A

fever, chills, headaches, diarrhea, muscle aches, joint pain, dry cough, and progressive weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how is tularemia clinically diagnosed

A

history of tick bite or exposure to mammalian host or exposure to contaminated water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is a differential diagnosis to tularemia

A

plague

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

without treatment of tularemia what could happen

A

respiratory failure, shock, death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the symptoms of tularemia are dependent on

A

route of tranmission/infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the most common clinical form of tularemia

A

uclerglandular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is a sign of glandular form of tularemia

A

regional lymphadenopathy with no ulcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the signs of oculoglandular form of tularemia

A

bacteria enter the eye when person butchering animal and results in conjunctivitis with preauricular lymphadenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how do you contract oropharyngeal form of tularemia and what are the signs

A

eating or drinking contaminated food or water
signs: stomatitis, tonsilitis, and cervical lymphadenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the most serious form of tularemia

A

pneumonic because can spread from breathing dust or aerosols

** this form used as bioterrorism weapon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is a symptoms of pneumonic tularemia

A

primary pleuropulmonary disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what form of tularemia presents as a febrile illness without early localizing signs and symptoms

A

typhoidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are the type A tularemia resevoirs

A

rabbits or ticks

26
Q

where are type A tularemia strains localized to

A

western U.S.

27
Q

what are type B tularemia resevoirs

A

hares, rodents

28
Q

what are some modes of transmission of tularemia

A

bite of arthropods, skin, conjunctival sac, oropharyngeal mucosa with contaminated water, blood, or tissue while handling infected carcass, handling insufficiently cooked meat, drinking contaminated water, inhalation of dust, contaminated pelts and paws of animals, bites from other animals that chewed on infected rabbit carcass

29
Q

what is treatment for tularemia

A

antibiotics- gentamicin, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin

30
Q

is tularemia a reportable disease

A

yes! must be reported to AZDA within 4 hours

31
Q

how would you mail tularemia samples

A

Class B (unconfirmed)

32
Q

how to prevent tularemia

A

insect repellent, tick protection, wash hands after handling animal carcasses, drink only treated water, note any change in behavior of your pets or livestock

33
Q

what is the most severe disease caused by a tick in U.S.

A

RMSF

34
Q

what % of cases of RMSF are fatal

A

5-10%

35
Q

arizona has the most cases of what tickborne disease

A

RMSF

36
Q

what is the causative agent for RMSF

A

Rickettsia Rickettsii- gram negative

37
Q

what is incubation period of RMSF

A

2-14 days

38
Q

R. Rickettsii invades what cells and causes what

A

invades endothelial cells of the venules and capillaries and begins replicating, causing vasculitis- why you get spots

39
Q

what is common symptom of RMSF and why

A

rash/red dots from blood vessels leaking

40
Q

what are some late stage clinical signs of RMSF

A

necrosis on extremities, altered mental status, polyarthritis, vestibular deficits, dyspnea, cough

41
Q

what are the most common abnormal clinical lab signs of RMSF

A

hypoalbuminemia, moderate leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia

42
Q

how do you diagnose RMSF

A

serologic test via IFA

43
Q

treatment for RMSF

A

doxycycline

44
Q

how to prevent RMSF

A

promptly remove ticks, tick preventatives, treat tick environments

45
Q

who is the primary reservoir for chagas

A

dogs

46
Q

how long does chagas infection last

A

lifelong

47
Q

what is causative agent for chagas

A

protozoan parasite- trypanosoma cruzi

48
Q

what is primary vector for chagas

A

triatomines- kissing bug
feces of bug contain parasites

49
Q

what are some other modes of transmission of chagas besides kissing bug

A

congenital- mother to fetus
blood transfussion
organ transplant
contaminated foods, acai palm fruit, guava juice, juice prepared from sugarcane

50
Q

control of chagas disease in U.S. is focused on what

A

non-vector borne methods

51
Q

what are the two phases of chagas

A

acute and chronic

52
Q

what are acute signs of chagas

A

fever, fatigue, body ache, rash, diarrhea, vomiting, swelling of eyelids

53
Q

what are the chronic signs of chagas

A

cardiac or GI complications

54
Q

which zoonotic disease can cause immunocompromised children to die from myocarditis or meningeoencephalitis

A

chagas

55
Q

how to diagnosis chagas

A

acute phase: find trypomastigotes in blood or CSF
chronic: serologic testing

56
Q

how to treat chagas

A

antiparasitics- benzidazole and nifurtimox

57
Q

what are some signs dogs with chagas disease present with

A

dilated cardiomyopathy

58
Q

why are dog kennels with high density of dogs suitable environment for kissing bug

A

heat and CO2 attract kissing bug

59
Q

how to prevent chagas

A

turning off outdoor lights, cleaning up brush, housing dogs insides, using insecticides

60
Q

do traditional flea and tick repellents kill kissing bugs

A

no!

61
Q

what organism is the onchocera lupi from

A

filarial nematode

62
Q

how to diagnose onchocera

A

skin biopsy

Public Health (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions