Lecture 37 11/25/24 Flashcards
Which zoonotic diseases cause endocarditis?
-Bartonella spp.
-Q fever
-Brucella spp.
-Histoplasma spp.
-Lyme/Borrelia spp.
What are the characteristics of Bartonella spp.?
-continuously changing and increasing in species number
-gram neg.
-highly adaptive to one or more mammalian hosts
-survives intracellularly in RBCs and endothelial cells to promote persistent infections
Which Bartonella spp. are common in cats?
-B. henselae
-B. clarridgeiae
-B. koehlerae
-B. quintana
Which species act as reservoirs for Bartonella spp.?
-canids
-felids
-rodents and rabbits
-raccoons
-ruminants
-reptiles
-cetaceans
What are the characteristics of illness caused by Bartonella?
-reservoir hosts typically do not develop disease even though they have persistent bacteremia
-disease usually only occurs in non-natural hosts
How is Bartonella transmitted?
-cat scratch
-cat and dog bites
-arthropod vectors
**NOT through vertical transmission or during breeding
Which arthropod vectors have been implicated in Bartonella transmission?
-cat fleas
-biting flies
-lice
-sand flies
-ticks
What is the life cycle/transmission for Bartonella going cat to cat?
-flea ingests Bartonella with cat blood during feeding
-Bartonella amplifies in flea’s hindgut
-Bartonella is excreted in flea feces and lands on new cat
-flea bites cat or feces with Bartonella infect bite wounds
-cat becomes bacteremic
How do cats transmit Bartonella to humans?
-cat scratches human
-infected cat blood in claws contaminates person’s wound OR
-flea feces in claws contaminates wound and spreads Bartonella
What are the characteristics of human Bartonella incidence?
-relatively common disease among children and young adults
-not reportable
-higher case rates in southern US
What are the characteristics of feline Bartonella seroprevalence?
-approximately 40% of cats are seropositive
-most infected cats are younger than 2 years old
What are the risk factors for Bartonella in humans?
-cat scratches
-ownership of young cats
-tick exposure
What are the risk factors for Bartonella in cats?
-flea infestation
-warm climates with high precipitation
-gong outdoors
-exposure to other cats
What is the seasonal distribution for Bartonella cases?
summer and January
What is the clinical overview of Bartonellosis in people?
-generally self-limiting and mild
-may have subclinical infections
-potential for serious systemic signs, especially in immunosuppressed patients
-co-infections with other tick-borne diseases is common