Lecture 19 9/26/24

Question 1

What is disease prevention?

Answer 1

set of measures to avoid the occurrence of a disease or to limit its progression/severity

Question 2

What is primary prevention?

Answer 2

-prevention of initial development of disease
-goal is to reduce disease incidence

Question 3

What is secondary prevention?

Answer 3

-early detection of disease to reduce severity and complications
-goal is to reduce prevalence by shortening duration

Question 4

What is tertiary prevention?

Answer 4

-reducing impact of disease
-aimed at minimizing disease consequences

Question 5

When is primary prevention applied?

Answer 5

after exposure to a sufficient cause

Question 6

When is secondary prevention applied?

Answer 6

after the pathological process is detectable

Question 7

When is tertiary prevention applied?

Answer 7

after clinical disease occurs

Question 8

What are the principles of disease control?

Answer 8

-reduce disease prevalence to a level that is no longer a major health/economic problem
-contain disease by limiting/stopping spread
-control may not be warranted for some diseases

Question 9

What are the 8 methods of disease control?

Answer 9

-slaughter
-quarantine
-reduction of contact
-chemical use
-modification of host resistance
-environmental/management control
-education
-biological control

Question 10

What is slaughter?

Answer 10

killing of animals that are infected, suspected to be infected, or were in contact with infected animals in order to stop disease spread

Question 11

What is quarantine?

Answer 11

physical separation of potentially infected animals from the population to stop disease spread

Question 12

What is isolation?

Answer 12

separation of infected animals during the communicability period

Question 13

What is reduction of contact?

Answer 13

reduce/prevent contact between infected and non-infected animals

Question 14

What are the chemicals that can be used to control disease?

Answer 14

-disinfectants
-insecticides
-antimicrobials

Question 15

What are the methods of host resistance modification?

Answer 15

-innate immunity: select for/cross breed resistant breeds
-acquired resistance: vaccinate or feed colostrum

Question 16

What is the principle of herd immunity?

Answer 16

the higher the proportion of immune individuals in a population, the higher the level of herd immunity

Question 17

What does the rate of infectious disease spread in a population depend on?

Answer 17

-characteristics of infectious agent
-host immunity of the animals in the pop.
-pop. structure
-pop. dynamics
-contact rate

Question 18

What is contact rate?

Answer 18

rate at which susceptible animals interact with infected animals

Question 19

What is the main principle of environment/management control?

Answer 19

alter the environment and/or management of animals in ways that will help to reduce disease transmission

Question 20

Who must be included in education efforts aimed at controlling disease?

Answer 20

-animal owners
-general public
-veterinarians and other medical professionals

Question 21

What is biological control?

Answer 21

employment of living organisms to combat disease

Question 22

What is biosecurity?

Answer 22

use of management practices that reduce spread of infectious agents within a food animal production unit

Question 23

What are the components of biosecurity?

Answer 23

-cleanliness/disinfection
-reduction of exposure
-limiting visitors
-adequate training of staff
-tracing/record keeping on all animals

Question 24

What is disease eradication?

Answer 24

elimination of disease due to removal of its cause

Question 25

What are the key components of disease eradication?

Answer 25

-must eliminate both clinical cases and pathogens/prevent future cases
-sub-clinical cases in the absence of clinical cases does not count as eradication

Question 26

Which diseases are targeted for eradication?

Answer 26

-must cause sufficient economic consequence
-must be feasible to detect and surveil cases

Question 27

What are the limitations of disease eradication?

Answer 27

-funding
-increased stocking densities of livestock
-environmental restrictions
-public sentiment