Lecture 19 9/26/24 Flashcards
What is disease prevention?
set of measures to avoid the occurrence of a disease or to limit its progression/severity
What is primary prevention?
-prevention of initial development of disease
-goal is to reduce disease incidence
What is secondary prevention?
-early detection of disease to reduce severity and complications
-goal is to reduce prevalence by shortening duration
What is tertiary prevention?
-reducing impact of disease
-aimed at minimizing disease consequences
When is primary prevention applied?
after exposure to a sufficient cause
When is secondary prevention applied?
after the pathological process is detectable
When is tertiary prevention applied?
after clinical disease occurs
What are the principles of disease control?
-reduce disease prevalence to a level that is no longer a major health/economic problem
-contain disease by limiting/stopping spread
-control may not be warranted for some diseases
What are the 8 methods of disease control?
-slaughter
-quarantine
-reduction of contact
-chemical use
-modification of host resistance
-environmental/management control
-education
-biological control
What is slaughter?
killing of animals that are infected, suspected to be infected, or were in contact with infected animals in order to stop disease spread
What is quarantine?
physical separation of potentially infected animals from the population to stop disease spread
What is isolation?
separation of infected animals during the communicability period
What is reduction of contact?
reduce/prevent contact between infected and non-infected animals
What are the chemicals that can be used to control disease?
-disinfectants
-insecticides
-antimicrobials
What are the methods of host resistance modification?
-innate immunity: select for/cross breed resistant breeds
-acquired resistance: vaccinate or feed colostrum
What is the principle of herd immunity?
the higher the proportion of immune individuals in a population, the higher the level of herd immunity
What does the rate of infectious disease spread in a population depend on?
-characteristics of infectious agent
-host immunity of the animals in the pop.
-pop. structure
-pop. dynamics
-contact rate
What is contact rate?
rate at which susceptible animals interact with infected animals
What is the main principle of environment/management control?
alter the environment and/or management of animals in ways that will help to reduce disease transmission
Who must be included in education efforts aimed at controlling disease?
-animal owners
-general public
-veterinarians and other medical professionals
What is biological control?
employment of living organisms to combat disease
What is biosecurity?
use of management practices that reduce spread of infectious agents within a food animal production unit
What are the components of biosecurity?
-cleanliness/disinfection
-reduction of exposure
-limiting visitors
-adequate training of staff
-tracing/record keeping on all animals
What is disease eradication?
elimination of disease due to removal of its cause
What are the key components of disease eradication?
-must eliminate both clinical cases and pathogens/prevent future cases
-sub-clinical cases in the absence of clinical cases does not count as eradication
Which diseases are targeted for eradication?
-must cause sufficient economic consequence
-must be feasible to detect and surveil cases
What are the limitations of disease eradication?
-funding
-increased stocking densities of livestock
-environmental restrictions
-public sentiment
