LATG Unit 3/4 Review Flashcards
1
Q
What component of the innate immune system coats the surface of invading organisms to facilitate their attack by the macrophages?
A
complement proteins
2
Q
How is rumen stasis generally treated?
A
administration of warm saline and electrolytes
3
Q
How is a drug classified as pharmaceutical grade in the United States?
A
by being FDA approved
4
Q
The mouse norovirus is spread by which route of transmission?
A
fecal-oral
5
Q
In what imaging technique is the x-ray beam rotated 360° around the patient to allow precise location of lesions?
A
Computed tomography
6
Q
What enzyme can be found in tears, saliva, and nasal secretions and destroys bacteria?
A
Lysozyme
7
Q
What agent has been identified as the cause of scaly skin disease in athymic nude mice?
A
Corynebacterium bovis
8
Q
What zoonotic viral disease often remains asymptomatic in infected macaques and can be fatal in humans?
A
B virus
9
Q
What imaging technique uses a radioisotope to provide images of in vivo biological processes?
A
Positron emission tomography
10
Q
Which cell population is lacking in SCID mice?
A
T and B Cells
11
Q
If active scavenging is used, the scavenging system is connected to which part of the rebreathing system?
A
pop-off valve
12
Q
A bacterial septicemia that occurs frequently in frogs and that can cause erosion of the toes, feet, and jaws is called:
A
red leg
13
Q
What best defines the term “variable” as used in the biomedical research field?
A
it represents anything that can affect the result of a study
14
Q
What arthropods lack jointed legs?
A
Pentastomids
15
Q
What information is gained from continuous monitoring of blood pressure?
A
cardiac output
16
Q
Insufficient dietary fiber in rabbits can cause what?
A
trichobezoars
17
Q
What involves collecting and interpreting quantitative data and using probability theory to estimate population parameters?
A
statistics
18
Q
In what drug group does acetylpromazine belong?
A
Phenothlazine tranquilizers
19
Q
What is Ctenocephalides felis?
A
the most common species of flea found in dogs and cats
20
Q
What is the definition of virulence?
A
The degree of pathogenicity of an organism
21
Q
What drug is often combined with benzodiazepine tranquilizers to induce a dissociative state and provide pain relief and sedation?
A
ketamine
22
Q
If results from a study can be replicated in some animal studies but not in others, the study lacks:
A
generality
23
Q
A drug interaction that results in reduced effect of one or both drugs is called:
A
antagonistic
24
Q
Whom must an investigator contact before a nonpharmaceutical-grade substance can be used in a study?
A
IACUC
25
Pododermatitis in guinea pigs is frequently seen in what situation?
housed on wire floors
26
The __________ of donor and recipient is a major determinant of success of an organ transplant.
histocompatibility
27
What does an ultrasonic Doppler flow detector measure?
blood pressure
28
Why is clauvanate administered with amoxicillin?
to overcome breakdown of the antibiotic
29
Why are ketamine injections administered via intramuscular or subcutaneous routes painful?
the pH of the solution is irritating
30
AIDS is an example of what type of disease?
Secondary immunodeficiency disease
31
What is the best definition of tidal volume?
The amount of air taken into the lungs in one breath
32
What is the typical treatment for a ruminant with a severely distended, bloated abdomen?
surgical incision of the rumen
33
What is another term for a complete blood count (CBC)?
Hemogram
34
In what species is atropine not effective to reduce salivation under anesthesia?
rabbits
35
What is a serious complication associated with the use of the anesthetic tribromoethanol?
intestinal ileus
36
What is the term for the solid media used to grow bacteria?
agar
37
What term would you use to describe a graft that is transplanted between two identical twins?
isograft
38
What term is used for lice infestation?
Pediculosis
39
The buffy coat in the hematocrit tube can be collected and used to determine what?
Morphology of the white blood cells
40
Bioluminescent imaging requires a light signal from which molecule?
Luciferin
41
A graph with a curve encompassing a wider span across the x-axis indicates greater:
variability
42
The use of ivermectin should be avoided or carefully controlled in what group of animals?
certain breeds of dogs
43
What is another term for antibody-mediated response?
humoral response
44
What part of a rebreathing anesthesia system relieves excessive pressure in the circuit?
pop-off valve
45
What immune system cells secrete antibodies?
B cells
46
Which cell type is a component of the innate immune system?
phagocytes
47
What characteristic is true of sucking lice but not true of chewing lice?
Sucking lice have narrow heads and mouthparts.
48
How would you classify the athymic mouse's immunodeficiency?
As a primary immunodeficiency disease
49
Details of the assessed treatment(s) and measurements are described by the:
study design
50
Xylazine is which type of drug?
Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist
51
What is the most common route of infection for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis?
inhalation of aerosols
52
The four "how" questions: "How much?" "How given?" "How often?" and "How long?" together define which term?
dosage
53
Radioactive isotopes can be attached to which molecule in positron emission tomography?
glucose
54
The confidence level is an index of:
certainty
55
What type of RNA virus is carried from animal to animal by mosquitoes, ticks, and lice?
arbovirus
56
What is the main characteristic of an anesthesia induction chamber?
Inlet and outlet ports connected to an anesthesia machine
57
What function is served by basophils?
initiation of inflammatory response
58
What is meant by "reproducibility" of animal studies?
Effects found in a study can be replicated by other research teams.
59
What is another term for macrophages?
antigen-presenting cells
60
Information based on reported examples is known as:
anecdotal
61
What is the shape of a bacillary bacterium?
rod-like
62
Pseudocapillaroides xenopi is what type of organism?
nematode
63
The genus of roundworms known as whipworms is a member of which group of helminths ?
cestodes
64
Which decontamination method is the only way to ensure complete destruction of prions?
incineration
65
What disease in fish is caused by a protozoan species?
ich
66
What is the first class of immunoglobulins to be synthesized by a fetus or newborn in response to an antigen?
IgM
67
What disease is characterized by fish rubbing their sides and flipping around in the corners of the tank?
bacterial gill disease
68
When using rebreathing anesthesia systems, what reaches the animal's lungs?
A mixture of fresh and exhaled gases
69
What fungi are microsporidia that cause lethargy, tremors, and partial paralysis in rabbits?
Encephalitozoon cuniculi
70
What fungi are microsporidia that cause lethargy, tremors, and partial paralysis in rabbits?
Encephalitozoon cuniculi
71
What must be absent from the diet of an animal to be used for fluorescent imaging?
chlorophyll
72
What best describes a bacterial spore?
It is the bacterial chromosomes surrounded by a tough coating.
73
A low hemoglobin concentration indicates:
anemia
74
Which fish disease can be successfully treated using atabrine and sea salt?
velvet disease
75
At necropsy, what finding is most likely in an animal infected by Mycoplasma pulmonis?
scarred lungs
76
The secretion of antibodies occurs during which step of the acquired immune response?
response
77
What device provides a measure of an animal's pulse rate?
pulse oximeter
78
A white blood cell differential is also known as a:
leukogram
79
What type of virus is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
arbovirus
80
What do depressed levels of neutrophils usually indicate?
active viral infection
81
B cells and plasma cells are part of the __________-mediated immune response.
antibody
82
What type of respiration is seen in normal, awake animals?
thoracic
83
Toxocara canis is which type of parasite?
ascarid
84
In a study that attempts to determine if using treats such as pieces of carrots to elicit a desired behavior in rats (move through a tunnel to a new cage) will help the rats learn the behavior more quickly, what is the independent variable?
the treats
85
The presence of antibodies against a pathogen is known as:
seroconversion
86
What is the most common side effect of NSAIDSs?
GI irritation
87
Upon what factor are the four stages of general anesthesia based?
Degree of CNS depression
88
Canine parvovirus is an acute infection affecting which part of the gastrointestinal system?
small intestine
89
What is a sign of chronic cutaneous capillariasis in fish?
skin hemorrhage
90
Which swine disease can be prevented by vaccination?
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
91
What disease causes lethargy and excessive mucus and white spots on the skin of fish?
ich
92
The causative agent for idiopathic ulcerative dermatitis is:
unknown
93
What drug can be used to reverse the effects of xylazine?
yohimbine
94
A group of investigators think that cages housing mice on paper bedding will have higher ammonia levels than those on hard wood, but they conduct a study and conclude that any difference between groups is due to chance and not to any effect created by the different bedding types. Their conclusion supports what?
null hypothesis
95
Aplastic anemia can be caused by what in female ferrets?
Bone marrow suppression from high estrogen levels
96
An antibody-mediated immune response is associated with which kind of cells?
b cells
97
What cells of the immune system develop into plasma cells?
B cells
98
A nonrebreathing system is used for animals of what weight range?
less than 5 kg
99
What disease found in fish can cause nonhealing granuloma ulcers on the skin in humans?
Mycobacteriosis
100
Many different organisms can grow in a(n) ___ agar, but differences in their reactions can be observed.
differential
101
How are lice spread in the animal facility?
direct contact
102
What cells have a similar role to macrophages in presenting the antigen to other cells.
dendritic cells
103
In the research setting, experimental drugs are also known as:
test articles
104
A hamster was treated with penicillin to treat an infection caused by a gram-positive organism. The animal died the morning after the treatment. What is a cause of death that you should immediately consider?
A toxin secreted by Clostridium difficile killed the animal.
105
Which nematode has the unique characteristic of not producing eggs?
filaria
106
In rebreathing systems, the exhaled gases pass through a canister that absorbs what?
carbon dioxide
107
During magnetic resonance imaging, which ions realign with the magnetic field?
hydrogen
108
To preserve tissues for further examination, what is the usual ratio of tissue to fixative used by weight?
1 to 20
109
To examine mucus scraped from the skin of an aquatic species, what substance is used to prepare the slide?
tank water
110
An infection with Pseudocapillaroides xenopi is called
cutaneous capillariasis.
111
What antibiotics are used to treat infections with parasitic protozoa, such as Amoeba, Giardia, and Trichomonas?
Nitroimidazoles
112
The therapeutic index is a ratio that compares an effective dose to a(n):
toxic dose
113
Helicobacter spp. are most commonly diagnosed with what technique?
PCR
114
What are hydatid cysts?
fluid filled cysts containing tapeworm larvae
115
Peridontal disease is a bacterial infection of the _______ and the accumulation of _______.
gums, tartar
116
What species are carriers of B. bronchiseptica and so should not be housed in the same areas as guinea pigs?
rabbits
117
The major histocompatibility complex proteins (MHC) are found on the surface of what cells?
T cells
118
When speaking of multimodal drug therapy, "modal" refers to different modes of:
action
119
What parasites are known as tongue worms?
Pentastomids
120
What test provides information on blood cell morphology?
peripheral blood smear
121
A goat that is staggering and kicking their belly most likely has what condition?
grain overload
122
Hemoglobin is the:
oxygen-carrying component of RBCs
123
Body cells secrete antibodies in reaction to what?
presence of an antigen
124
What is the predominant type of immunoglobulins found in the saliva of mammals?
IgG
125
The transplantation of a pig heart valve into a human is an example of what type of transplant?
Xenograft
126
What type of medication may help eliminate signs of coccidiosis?
sulfa drugs
127
New tank systems may develop high levels of __________ in the water that may kill fish.
ammonia
128
The volume of the rebreathing bag in an anesthesia system should be how many times the animal's tidal volume?
6
129
Bacteria staining pink with Gram stain are called _________.
gram-negative
130
Microsporidiosis in fish is caused by what type of pathogen?
fungus
131
If swine are unable to access water, they may develop:
salt toxicity
132
What term is used for the quantity of the drug per unit of body weight?
dose rate
133
What does the term "drug spectrum" refer to?
the type of organisms it is effective against
134
In comparison with other infectious agents, what is a unique characteristic of prions?
do not contain nucleic acid
135
What best defines the term "antigen"?
a substance that is recognized as non-self
136
What is the predominant type of immunoglobulins found in the saliva of mammals?
IgA
137
Otitis externa in cats may be associated with infestation by what arthropod?
Notoedres cat
138
What reflex is not a good indicator of anesthetic depth in rodents?
Palpebral
