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LATG > LATG 08: Biochemistry and Nutrition and Feed > Flashcards

LATG 08: Biochemistry and Nutrition and Feed Flashcards

1
Q

What is an inorganic molecule?

A

water

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2
Q

Ketones are implicated in which disease?

A

Diabetes mellitus

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3
Q

The study of chemical compounds and complex chemical reactions in living systems is known as:

A

biochemistry

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4
Q

Which carbohydrate serves as energy storage in plants?

A

starch

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5
Q

Which carbohydrate classification is also known as starch?

A

polysaccharides

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6
Q

Which carbohydrate classification is also known as starch?

A

polysaccharides

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7
Q

How would you classify a carbohydrate containing 5 saccharide units?

A

Oligosaccharide

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8
Q

Blood types are characterized by the carbohydrate portions of _______ on the surface of cells and the carbohydrate portion of serum _______.

A

glycolipids, glycoproteins

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9
Q

What is another name for glucose?

A

dextrose

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10
Q

What atoms make up a carbohydrate?

A

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

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11
Q

________ are the main constituents of animal fats.

A

Triglycerides

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12
Q

Blood plasma that appears cloudy may be an indication of which condition or disease state?

A

Lipemia

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13
Q

True or False: Cholesterol is soluble in blood.

A

False

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14
Q

A complex lipid that includes a carbohydrate portion is a _______ .

A

glycolipid

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15
Q

The sheath around many nerves is called ________ .

A

myelin

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16
Q

Which animal has a tongue that secretes lipase to digest fats and oils?

A

rat

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17
Q

True or False: The component parts of triglycerides are cholesterol and free fatty acids.

A

False

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18
Q

True or False: In dogs and pigs, the digestion of lipids does not begin until food reaches the stomach.

A

True

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19
Q

True or False: Prostaglandin is a hormone that is derived from lipids.

A

True

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20
Q

True or False: Animal fat contains more unsaturated fatty acid than vegetable oils.

A

False

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21
Q

True or False: Cholesterol is a steroid.

A

True

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22
Q

What proteins are biological catalysts which perform work of chemical reactions in cells?

A

enzymes

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23
Q

Which type of protein is typically intracellular and helps to turn on or off chemical reactions?

A

regulatory

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24
Q

________ are the building blocks of proteins.

A

Amino Acids

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25
Enzymes are an example of which type of biochemical compound?
proteins
26
True or False: Some amino acids are considered essential only for young growing animals.
True
27
What vitamins are water soluble?
B and C
28
Monogastric species are often referred to as:
Cecal digesters
29
True or False: Dietary fiber can cause decreased mineral absorption.
True
30
What micromineral is an important component of Vitamin B12?
Cobalt
31
True or False: Fiber is also referred to as starch.
False- roughage
32
What is the chemical name of vitamin C?
Ascorbic acid
33
The deficiency of what essential micromineral results in anemia and fatty degeneration of the liver?
cobalt
34
The deficiency of what essential micromineral results in anemia and fatty degeneration of the liver?
cobalt
35
True or False: Fiber is a carbohydrate.
True
36
True or False: Many microminerals are toxic at high concentrations
True
37
What are the two types of acceptable diet formulations for laboratory animals?
fixed and managed
38
How can the diet be changed to treat internal parasites?
add fenbendazole
39
True or False: Most older animals require more protein and calories than young animals
False
40
True or False: Animals on estrogen-sensitive studies should be fed a diet high in isoflavones.
False
41
True or False: A laboratory animal's diet is a controllable variable.
True
42
True or False: Nutritional requirements within a species may vary due to genetic differences.
True
43
Ketones are implicated in which disease?
Diabetes mellitus
44
In atherosclerosis what is deposited on the inner lining of blood vessels that restricts blood flow?
cholesterol
45
Which hormone is not properly secreted or used in bodies with diabetes mellitus?
insulin
46
The enzyme which is lacking in individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU) normally transforms the amino acid phenylalanine into which non-essential amino acid?
tyrosine
47
Which carbohydrate consists of two glucose units bound together?
maltose
48
A fatty acid made up of carbons that are bound to as many hydrogen atoms as possible is _______.
saturated
49
Which term is used for the cholesterol deposited on the inner lining of blood vessels?
plaque
50
What group of organic compounds is a major component of plasma membranes?
lipids
51
Carbohydrates made up of two monosaccharides are classified as:
Disaccharides
52
Steroids belong in which group of organic compounds?
lipids
53
Which carbohydrate can be digested only by some species, such as ungulates and lagomorphs?
cellulose
54
The deficiency of what essential micromineral results in impaired glucose metabolism?
chromium
55
What best describes a peptide?
small protein
56
What proteins are biological catalysts which perform work of chemical reactions in cells?
enzymes
57
On what characteristic are the two categories of dietary minerals (micro- and macrominerals) based?
Their biological importance
58
_______ allows lipids to be absorbed through the wall of the small intestine and used as energy in the body
bile
59
What compound does the body overproduce when fat stores are metabolized for energy?
ketones
60
The enzyme which is lacking in individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU) normally transforms the amino acid phenylalanine into which non-essential amino acid?
tyrosine
61
What breaks down dietary fiber?
bacteria
62
Ferrets and cats must have a diet containing which organic acid?
taurine
63
Monogastric species are often referred to as:
cecal digesters
64
Organic acids consisting of a chain of hydrocarbons are __________.
fatty acids
65
Blood types are characterized by the carbohydrate portions of _______ on the surface of cells and the carbohydrate portion of serum _______.
glycolipids, glycoproteins
66
An imbalance in the different types of lipoproteins (HDL versus LDL) is a major contributing factor in what disease?
Atherosclerosis
67
Which type of fatty acid has one double bond between two carbons?
Monounsaturated
68
The sheath around many nerves is called ________ .
myelin
69
What is an enzyme that aids in the digestion of starches and other polysaccharides?
amylase
70
Which condition results from a deficiency of dietary vitamin C?
scurvy
71
The deficiency of which essential micromineral results in bone abnormality and tooth decay?
Fluorine
72
What is the most abundant protein found in a mammal?
collagen
73
Which carbohydrate is found in mammalian milk?
lactose
74
Which carbohydrates are made up of 3-10 linked monosaccharides?
oligosaccaride
75
Which carbohydrate is what is known as table sugar?
sucrose
76
Which protein carries oxygen to cells throughout the body?
hemoglobin
77
Carbohydrates made up of two monosaccharides are classified as:
Disaccharides
78
Which carbohydrate serves as energy storage in animals?
glycogen
79
What must be checked to ensure that a bag of feed has stable vitamin content?
shelf life
80
What organic compound implicates diabetes mellitus?
ketones
81
What organic compound implicates Atherosclerosis?
cholesterol
82
What organic compound implicates Phenylketonuria?
Phenylalanine
83
Blood plasma that appears cloudy can be indicative of what condition?
lipemia
84
How would you classify a carbohydrate containing 5 saccharide units?
Oligosaccaride
85
What is the primary source of energy used by the body for all metabolic processes?
glucose
86
What kind of saccharide is Ribose?
monosaccharide
87
What kind of saccharide is Amylose?
a polysaccharide that is a component of starch
88
What kind of saccharide is cellulose?
a polysaccharide that makes up supportive structures in plants
89
What kind of saccharide is Maltose?
disaccharide
90
What group is the largest component of plasma membranes?
Lipids
91
What does the term "saturated fatty acid" mean?
all carbons are bound to as many hydrogen atoms as possible
92
What is measured in the blood to assess lipid metabolism?
triglyceride
93
What are the 3 components of a nucleotide?
nitrogenous base, sugar, phosphate group
94
What molecules are structural proteins?
collagen and keratin
95
Vitamins serve as chemical partners with what to help maintain normal cell function?
enzymes
96
Zinc is an example of a:
micromineral
97
A fatty acid with a single double bond between 2 carbons is considered what kind of fat?
monounsaturated
98
What are the fat soluble vitamins?
A, D, E, K
99
What microminerals are essential in the diet?
calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chlorine, sulfur
100
True or False: Cholesterol is a lipid that is soluble in blood.
False
101
What are the basic components of proteins?
amino acids
102
What breaks down dietary fiber?
bacterial fermentation
103
Which type of animal can degrade fiber and use it for a main energy source?
ruminants

LATG (24 decks)

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