Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LATG > LATG 13: Agents of Infectious Disease > Flashcards

LATG 13: Agents of Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of disease?

A

An altered physiological state in which the function of a tissue, organ, or body system has been impaired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A subclinical disease:

A

has no observable signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

True or False: All bacteria have a capsule.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A bacteria with cilia has:

A

hair-like structures on outside of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the term for bacteria staining purplish-blue with Gram stain?

A

Gram-positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the term for a bacterium requiring normal atmospheric oxygen concentration to survive?

A

Aerobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bacteria that can grow in low oxygen environments are known by what term?

A

microaerophilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

True or False: A Gram-positive bacterium has a thin internal cell wall.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

True or False: Bacterial virulence is directly proportional to disease severity.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

True or False: Botulism is caused by a bacterial toxin.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

True or False: Macaques that have contracted the B virus do not shed it until symptoms are observable.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which type of RNA virus is mouse hepatitis virus?

A

Coronavirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which type of RNA virus is carried from animal to animal by mosquitoes, ticks, and lice?

A

Arbovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

True or False: Viruses that infect animals are found in the host’s cells.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In which laboratory species is the B virus found?

A

Macaques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

B virus belongs to which group of viruses?

A

Herpesvirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which type of RNA virus is influenza?

A

orthomyxovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which type of RNA virus is influenza?

A

orthomyxovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

True or False: In the laboratory, viruses can be grown in cell cultures.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the most common method to detect viruses?

A

serology testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

True or False: Bleach can be used to reduce the level of prion contamination on infected surfaces.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which species has proven to be a valuable model for encephalopathies caused by prions?

A

Hamsters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which decontamination method is the only way to ensure complete destruction of prions?

A

incineration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

True or False: Because prions are very difficult to inactivate, very strict husbandry protocols are necessary to prevent their transmission.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Ringworm is an example of what fungal disease?

A

Cutaneous mycosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

True or False: Yeasts are unicellular fungi.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

True or False: Some fungi are transmitted through inhalation of infectious spores.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What easily observable signs could suggest a diagnosis of dermatophytosis?

A

Crusty lesions around a few hairs or a slight scaliness of the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What term is used to describe a disease caused by fungi?

A

mycosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What term is used to describe a disease caused by fungi?

A

mycosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Mycology is the study of which organism?

A

Fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

True or False: Most helminths are only visible under a light microscope.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What group of worms are generally elongate, cylindrical, and non-segmented?

A

nematodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What nematode has the unique characteristic of not producing eggs?

A

Filaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

True or False: Flukes are a common parasite of laboratory animals.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the intermediate hosts for the tapeworm Dipylidium caninum?

A

fleas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Flatworms, roundworms, and thorny-headed worms belong to what group of parasites?

A

helminths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

True or False: Endoparasites live all their lives inside their host.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

How would animal facility personnel become infected by apicomplexan organisms?

A

contact with feces of an infected animal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Parasites of what group are generally flat, have oral suckers, and have larval forms that hatch in water?

A

trematodes

41
Q

The species responsible for producing hydatid cysts in the liver of rats belongs to what group of helminths?

A

cestodes

42
Q

Cats are the definitive host of what species of apicomplexan parasite?

A

Toxoplasma gondii

43
Q

Proglottids are rice-like segments of which parasite?

A

tapeworms

44
Q

Giardia spp. are ___________ that live in their host’s gastrointestinal tract.

A

flagellates

45
Q

What is the most common arachnid parasite found in animal facilities?

A

mite

46
Q

What are lice eggs called?

A

nits

47
Q

Where are pinworms usually found?

A

Cecum and colon

48
Q

Which parasite serves as an intermediate host for the tapeworm Dipylidium caninum which is found on dogs and cats?

A

fleas

49
Q

In which life stage do fleas encase themselves in cocoons?

A

pupa

50
Q

What term is used for lice infestation?

A

Pediculosis

51
Q

True or False: One characteristic that distinguishes fleas from lice is that they have wings and lice do not.

A

False

52
Q

Which type of RNA virus is the West Nile virus?

A

arbovirus

53
Q

What is the shape of a bacillary bacterium?

A

rod-like

54
Q

Hyphae are multicellular tubular structures characteristic of which organism?

A

molds

55
Q

How do hookworms generally enter the body?

A

they can penetrate skin or oral mucosa

56
Q

What is the term for the solid media used to grow bacteria?

A

agar

57
Q

Bacteria that can grow in the absence of oxygen are known by what term?

A

anaerobic

58
Q

Mycology is the study of which organism?

A

fungi

59
Q

What is Ctenocephalides felis?

A

most common flea species found on dogs and cats

60
Q

Which term is used for lice infestation?

A

pediculosis

61
Q

What type of RNA virus is carried from animal to animal by mosquitoes, ticks, and lice?

A

arbovirus

62
Q

What are hydatid cysts?

A

fluid-filled cysts containing tapeworm larvae

63
Q

What group of worms are generally elongate, cylindrical, and non-segmented?

A

nematodes

64
Q

Bacteria staining pink with Gram stain are called _________.

A

gram-negative

65
Q

In comparison with other infectious agents, what is a unique characteristic of prions?

A

Prions do not contain nucleic acid

66
Q

Species from the genera Giardia are members of which group of protozoan parasites?

A

Flagellates

67
Q

What parasites are known as tongue worms?

A

pentastomids

68
Q

What parsite annelid worm which may cause a bloody nose for a rhesus monkey?

A

nematode

69
Q

What decontamination method is the only way to ensure complete destruction of prions?

A

incineration

70
Q

Spherical or round bacterium are called

A

cocci

71
Q

The term “slow virus” is often used to describe what organism?

A

prion

72
Q

True or False: The main difference between bacteria and viruses is that bacteria contain nucleic acids and viruses do not.

A

False

73
Q

True or False: A gram positive bacterium has a thin internal cell wall.

A

False

74
Q

What are the 3 most common bacterial shapes?

A

cocci, bacilli, spiral

75
Q

What is the difference between a microaerophilic bacterium and an aerobic bacterium?

A

microaerophilic bacterium grow best in low oxygen concentrations, whereas aerobic bacterium grow in normal atmospheric concentrations of oxygen

76
Q

What characteristics are used to identify bacteria?

A
  1. oxygen requirements, 2. staining characteristics, 3. pH needs, 4. nutritional requirements, 5. form and structure
77
Q

A bacteria with cilia will have:

A

hair-like structures on the outside of the plasma membrane

78
Q

Bacteria staining dark blue to purple with Gram stain are called:

A

gram-positive

79
Q

True or False: Most viruses have cytoplasm which contains DNA, RNA, and proteins.

A

False

80
Q

What is the definition of virulence?

A

the degree of pathogenicity of a microorganism

81
Q

Prions are infectious agents made up of:

A

proteins

82
Q

What 2 diseases are believed to be caused by prions?

A

mad cow disease (BSE) and Scrapie in sheep

83
Q

Hyphae are multicellular tubular structures characteristic of:

A

molds

84
Q

What is the common name for dermatophytosis?

A

ringworm

85
Q

True or False: Very strict husbandry protocols are necessary to prevent prion transmission.

A

True

86
Q

Parasites that live on the outside of the body are known as ______________; parasites that live in the body are known as ________.

A

ectoparasites; endoparasites

87
Q

What is the route by which animal facility personnel may become infected by amoebas?

A

contact with contaminated feces

88
Q

What animal is the true definitive host for Toxoplasma gondii?

A

cat

89
Q

What flagellate causes sleeping sickness?

A

Trypanosoma brucei

90
Q

What groups of parasites contain organisms that can be observed without the use of a microscope?

A

helminths and arthropods

91
Q

What term describes lice infestation?

A

pediculosis

92
Q

True or False: One characteristic that distinguishes fleas from lice is that fleas have wings and lice do not.

A

False

93
Q

What is the pH range in which clinically relevant bacteria grow?

A

6.5-7.5

94
Q

What is another name for nematodes?

A

roundworms

95
Q

True or False: Ticks and mites go through a nymph stage during their development.

A

True

96
Q

True or False: Acariasis is the term used to describe the presence of leeches on the skin of animals.

A

False

97
Q

True or False: Fleas have 2 sets of wings.

A

False

98
Q

True or False: Mange in dogs and other animals is caused by mites.

A

True

LATG (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions