LATG 13: Agents of Infectious Disease

Question 1

What is the definition of disease?

Answer 1

An altered physiological state in which the function of a tissue, organ, or body system has been impaired

Question 2

A subclinical disease:

Answer 2

has no observable signs

Question 3

True or False: All bacteria have a capsule.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

A bacteria with cilia has:

Answer 4

hair-like structures on outside of cell

Question 5

What is the term for bacteria staining purplish-blue with Gram stain?

Answer 5

Gram-positive

Question 6

What is the term for a bacterium requiring normal atmospheric oxygen concentration to survive?

Answer 6

Aerobic

Question 7

Bacteria that can grow in low oxygen environments are known by what term?

Answer 7

microaerophilic

Question 8

True or False: A Gram-positive bacterium has a thin internal cell wall.

Answer 8

False

Question 9

True or False: Bacterial virulence is directly proportional to disease severity.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

True or False: Botulism is caused by a bacterial toxin.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

True or False: Macaques that have contracted the B virus do not shed it until symptoms are observable.

Answer 11

False

Question 12

Which type of RNA virus is mouse hepatitis virus?

Answer 12

Coronavirus

Question 13

Which type of RNA virus is carried from animal to animal by mosquitoes, ticks, and lice?

Answer 13

Arbovirus

Question 14

True or False: Viruses that infect animals are found in the host’s cells.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

In which laboratory species is the B virus found?

Answer 15

Macaques

Question 16

B virus belongs to which group of viruses?

Answer 16

Herpesvirus

Question 17

Which type of RNA virus is influenza?

Answer 17

orthomyxovirus

Question 18

Which type of RNA virus is influenza?

Answer 18

orthomyxovirus

Question 19

True or False: In the laboratory, viruses can be grown in cell cultures.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

What is the most common method to detect viruses?

Answer 20

serology testing

Question 21

True or False: Bleach can be used to reduce the level of prion contamination on infected surfaces.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Which species has proven to be a valuable model for encephalopathies caused by prions?

Answer 22

Hamsters

Question 23

Which decontamination method is the only way to ensure complete destruction of prions?

Answer 23

incineration

Question 24

True or False: Because prions are very difficult to inactivate, very strict husbandry protocols are necessary to prevent their transmission.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Ringworm is an example of what fungal disease?

Answer 25

Cutaneous mycosis

Question 26

True or False: Yeasts are unicellular fungi.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

True or False: Some fungi are transmitted through inhalation of infectious spores.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

What easily observable signs could suggest a diagnosis of dermatophytosis?

Answer 28

Crusty lesions around a few hairs or a slight scaliness of the skin

Question 29

What term is used to describe a disease caused by fungi?

Answer 29

mycosis

Question 30

What term is used to describe a disease caused by fungi?

Answer 30

mycosis

Question 31

Mycology is the study of which organism?

Answer 31

Fungi

Question 32

True or False: Most helminths are only visible under a light microscope.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

What group of worms are generally elongate, cylindrical, and non-segmented?

Answer 33

nematodes

Question 34

What nematode has the unique characteristic of not producing eggs?

Answer 34

Filaria

Question 35

True or False: Flukes are a common parasite of laboratory animals.

Answer 35

False

Question 36

What is the intermediate hosts for the tapeworm Dipylidium caninum?

Answer 36

fleas

Question 37

Flatworms, roundworms, and thorny-headed worms belong to what group of parasites?

Answer 37

helminths

Question 38

True or False: Endoparasites live all their lives inside their host.

Answer 38

False

Question 39

How would animal facility personnel become infected by apicomplexan organisms?

Answer 39

contact with feces of an infected animal

Question 40

Parasites of what group are generally flat, have oral suckers, and have larval forms that hatch in water?

Answer 40

trematodes

Question 41

The species responsible for producing hydatid cysts in the liver of rats belongs to what group of helminths?

Answer 41

cestodes

Question 42

Cats are the definitive host of what species of apicomplexan parasite?

Answer 42

Toxoplasma gondii

Question 43

Proglottids are rice-like segments of which parasite?

Answer 43

tapeworms

Question 44

Giardia spp. are ___________ that live in their host's gastrointestinal tract.

Answer 44

flagellates

Question 45

What is the most common arachnid parasite found in animal facilities?

Answer 45

mite

Question 46

What are lice eggs called?

Answer 46

nits

Question 47

Where are pinworms usually found?

Answer 47

Cecum and colon

Question 48

Which parasite serves as an intermediate host for the tapeworm Dipylidium caninum which is found on dogs and cats?

Answer 48

fleas

Question 49

In which life stage do fleas encase themselves in cocoons?

Answer 49

pupa

Question 50

What term is used for lice infestation?

Answer 50

Pediculosis

Question 51

True or False: One characteristic that distinguishes fleas from lice is that they have wings and lice do not.

Answer 51

False

Question 52

Which type of RNA virus is the West Nile virus?

Answer 52

arbovirus

Question 53

What is the shape of a bacillary bacterium?

Answer 53

rod-like

Question 54

Hyphae are multicellular tubular structures characteristic of which organism?

Answer 54

molds

Question 55

How do hookworms generally enter the body?

Answer 55

they can penetrate skin or oral mucosa

Question 56

What is the term for the solid media used to grow bacteria?

Answer 56

agar

Question 57

Bacteria that can grow in the absence of oxygen are known by what term?

Answer 57

anaerobic

Question 58

Mycology is the study of which organism?

Answer 58

fungi

Question 59

What is Ctenocephalides felis?

Answer 59

most common flea species found on dogs and cats

Question 60

Which term is used for lice infestation?

Answer 60

pediculosis

Question 61

What type of RNA virus is carried from animal to animal by mosquitoes, ticks, and lice?

Answer 61

arbovirus

Question 62

What are hydatid cysts?

Answer 62

fluid-filled cysts containing tapeworm larvae

Question 63

What group of worms are generally elongate, cylindrical, and non-segmented?

Answer 63

nematodes

Question 64

Bacteria staining pink with Gram stain are called _________.

Answer 64

gram-negative

Question 65

In comparison with other infectious agents, what is a unique characteristic of prions?

Answer 65

Prions do not contain nucleic acid

Question 66

Species from the genera Giardia are members of which group of protozoan parasites?

Answer 66

Flagellates

Question 67

What parasites are known as tongue worms?

Answer 67

pentastomids

Question 68

What parsite annelid worm which may cause a bloody nose for a rhesus monkey?

Answer 68

nematode

Question 69

What decontamination method is the only way to ensure complete destruction of prions?

Answer 69

incineration

Question 70

Spherical or round bacterium are called

Answer 70

cocci

Question 71

The term "slow virus" is often used to describe what organism?

Answer 71

prion

Question 72

True or False: The main difference between bacteria and viruses is that bacteria contain nucleic acids and viruses do not.

Answer 72

False

Question 73

True or False: A gram positive bacterium has a thin internal cell wall.

Answer 73

False

Question 74

What are the 3 most common bacterial shapes?

Answer 74

cocci, bacilli, spiral

Question 75

What is the difference between a microaerophilic bacterium and an aerobic bacterium?

Answer 75

microaerophilic bacterium grow best in low oxygen concentrations, whereas aerobic bacterium grow in normal atmospheric concentrations of oxygen

Question 76

What characteristics are used to identify bacteria?

Answer 76

1. oxygen requirements, 2. staining characteristics, 3. pH needs, 4. nutritional requirements, 5. form and structure

Question 77

A bacteria with cilia will have:

Answer 77

hair-like structures on the outside of the plasma membrane

Question 78

Bacteria staining dark blue to purple with Gram stain are called:

Answer 78

gram-positive

Question 79

True or False: Most viruses have cytoplasm which contains DNA, RNA, and proteins.

Answer 79

False

Question 80

What is the definition of virulence?

Answer 80

the degree of pathogenicity of a microorganism

Question 81

Prions are infectious agents made up of:

Answer 81

proteins

Question 82

What 2 diseases are believed to be caused by prions?

Answer 82

mad cow disease (BSE) and Scrapie in sheep

Question 83

Hyphae are multicellular tubular structures characteristic of:

Answer 83

molds

Question 84

What is the common name for dermatophytosis?

Answer 84

ringworm

Question 85

True or False: Very strict husbandry protocols are necessary to prevent prion transmission.

Answer 85

True

Question 86

Parasites that live on the outside of the body are known as ______________; parasites that live in the body are known as ________.

Answer 86

ectoparasites; endoparasites

Question 87

What is the route by which animal facility personnel may become infected by amoebas?

Answer 87

contact with contaminated feces

Question 88

What animal is the true definitive host for Toxoplasma gondii?

Answer 88

cat

Question 89

What flagellate causes sleeping sickness?

Answer 89

Trypanosoma brucei

Question 90

What groups of parasites contain organisms that can be observed without the use of a microscope?

Answer 90

helminths and arthropods

Question 91

What term describes lice infestation?

Answer 91

pediculosis

Question 92

True or False: One characteristic that distinguishes fleas from lice is that fleas have wings and lice do not.

Answer 92

False

Question 93

What is the pH range in which clinically relevant bacteria grow?

Answer 93

6.5-7.5

Question 94

What is another name for nematodes?

Answer 94

roundworms

Question 95

True or False: Ticks and mites go through a nymph stage during their development.

Answer 95

True

Question 96

True or False: Acariasis is the term used to describe the presence of leeches on the skin of animals.

Answer 96

False

Question 97

True or False: Fleas have 2 sets of wings.

Answer 97

False

Question 98

True or False: Mange in dogs and other animals is caused by mites.

Answer 98

True