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LATG > LATG 06: Health Surveillance and Quality Assurance > Flashcards

LATG 06: Health Surveillance and Quality Assurance Flashcards

1
Q

What is the term for the systematic approach to ensuring that various aspects of a laboratory operation meets specified requirements?

A

Quality Assurance

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2
Q

True or False: The health surveillance program may be considered a part of the quality assurance program.

A

True

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3
Q

What is the term for animals used for health surveillance in rodent colonies?

A

Sentinels

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4
Q

What is the term for animals used for health surveillance in rodent colonies?

A

Sentinels

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5
Q

True or False: An animal supplier’s health status report is an assurance that the animal received in the facility is healthy and free of pathogens.

A

False

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6
Q

Which test detects known DNA sequences characteristic for the pathogen?

A

Polymerase chain reaction

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7
Q

Who decides which specific pathogens will be surveyed for in the animal facility?

A

Veterinarian with input of research team

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8
Q

True or False: Serology is the best method to detect pathogens in immunodeficient animals.

A

False

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9
Q

Sentinel animals should be at least what age?

A

8-12 weeks

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10
Q

True or False: Sentinel animals are experimental animals subjected to extra testing during the course of the study.

A

False

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11
Q

True or False: The best time to monitor for microbial antibodies is when the animals are very young.

A

False

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12
Q

True or False: The presence of most bacteria can be confirmed by culture on artificial media.

A

True

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13
Q

Which pinworm infection can be detected by a tape test?

A

Syphacia

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14
Q

True or False: The pinworm Aspiculuris tetraptera can be detected in mice by the anal tape test.

A

False

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15
Q

If an animal tests negative for a pathogen 3 weeks after arrival at the facility, which conclusion can be drawn?

A

The animal was free of pathogen when shipped.

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16
Q

True or False: The sentinel program detects mostly pathogens spread by fecal-oral contamination.

A

True

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17
Q

In animal rooms where microisolation cages are being used, the sentinels are housed in cages that contain what item from other cages in the room?

A

mixed bedding

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18
Q

How soon after exposure should a sentinel be tested for a specific pathogen?

A

3-6 weeks after exposure

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19
Q

What contaminants can be found in a water system?

A

bacteria, heavy metals, hydrocarbons

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20
Q

Which type of feed is most likely to be used by a facility that must meet GLP standards?

A

certified diets

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21
Q

True or False: Any feed can be autoclaved without loss of nutrients.

A

False

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22
Q

Technology using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) test swabs uses _______ to measure organic residue.

A

light

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23
Q

What does the acronym “CFUs” stand for?

A

Colony Forming Units

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24
Q

True or False: In addition to using tapes that indicate if the proper temperature was reached, cage washer effectiveness should be tested periodically for the presence of pathogens.

A

True

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25
Q

What is contained in the paper strips used to test sanitation during autoclaving?

A

Bacterial Spores

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26
Q

Noise level above 85 decibels may cause what effects?

A

increased BP in NHP, auditory affects in humans and rodents

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27
Q

True or False: Radios should not be permitted in any room where animals are housed.

A

False

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28
Q

Levels of light photo intensity above ______ foot- candles can cause retinal damage in some albino animals.

A

75

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29
Q

Which environmental parameter is reduced inside the cage with the use of filter-top caging?

A

Ventilation

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30
Q

Sentinel animals should be at least what age?

A

8-12 weeks

31
Q

Animals that are kept under conditions similar to those of the experimental animals and are used to document the health status of the colony are known as:

A

sentinels

32
Q

Which test eliminates the need for the animal to have antibodies to the infectious agent?

A

PRIA

33
Q

What can the multiplex fluorescent immunoassay detect?

A

presence of viral antibodies

34
Q

Technology using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) test swabs uses _______ to measure organic residue.

A

light

35
Q

How soon after exposure should a sentinel be tested for a specific pathogen?

A

3-6 weeks following exposure

36
Q

The presence of a pathogen in animals procured from a vendor may not be detected by the health surveillance program for up to how long?

A

2-3 weeks

37
Q

Continuous exposure to acoustical levels above what level can have both auditory and non-auditory effects?

A

85 decibels

38
Q

Regulations and standards for USDA- regulated species are specified in which of the following?

A

Animal Welfare Act

39
Q

What is the primary action of a quality assurance team?

A

monitoring

40
Q

How many days does it generally take for an animal to develop an immune response to an agent?

A

10-14

41
Q

Which type of sampling can be used in place of bedding sentinels?

A

environmental dust

42
Q

PCR rodent infectious agent (PRIA) testing allows swift identification of environmental pathogens by detecting which of the following:?

A

pathogen genetic material

43
Q

One way to monitor the effectiveness of the cage washing systems is to use adhesive plastic tape that changes color when exposed to a temperature of:

A

82 C

44
Q

What is the term for the systematic approach to ensuring that various aspects of a laboratory operation meets specified requirements?

A

Quality Assurance

45
Q

Which type of bedding is required in GLP studies?

A

certified

46
Q

What term describes the methods used to detect adventitious bacteria, viruses, or parasites at an early stage of infection?

A

health surveillance

47
Q

What is a good way to screen the health status of incoming animals?

A

Request several extra animals from the vendor to use for health screening

48
Q

True or False: Serology is the best method to detect pathogens in immunodeficient animals.

A

False- these animals may not mold an antibody response

49
Q

What are the advantages of PCR over other detection methods?

A

the host doesn’t need to have a completely functional immune system, high sensitivity, available for many viruses, test of choice for Helicobacter

50
Q

What test detects known DNA sequences for the pathogen?

A

PCR

51
Q

What factors should be considered when deciding on the frequency of performing serological testing on laboratory animals?

A

sensitivity of test, importance/nature/virulence of agent, equipment use among animals, exclusion of wild types, mechanical separation of animals, frequency of new animals introduced, nature of barriers, nature of agent, rate of animal turnover, type of research

52
Q

True or False: Sentinel animals are experimental animals that are subject to extra testing during the course of the study.

A

False

53
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of sentinel animals?

A

immunocompetent, at least 8-12 weeks of age, initially free of agent being tested for

54
Q

Why are sentinels not effective at detecting some viral pathogens?

A

they are better at detecting pathogens spread by fecal-oral route not aerosol route

55
Q

Why are older animals not appropriate for use as sentinels?

A

They can have non-specific antibodies that can interfere with testing

56
Q

Facilities that must meet GLP standards are more likely to use what type of feed?

A

certified diets

57
Q

What are the 4 components of a successful water quality monitoring system?

A

regular testing of functionality, testing for chemicals and bacteria, regular equipment servicing, log of testing

58
Q

What are 2 potential problems with fresh bedding that animal care staff should be able to detect when changing cages?

A

excess dust, foreign material

59
Q

What is the best test to determine DNA sequence of a pathogen?

A

PCR

60
Q

What is the best test to determine Syphacia spp.?

A

Anal tape test

61
Q

What is the best test to determine Aspiculuris tetraptera?

A

Cecal content exam

62
Q

What is the best test to determine Psseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

bacterial culture

63
Q

What is the best test to determine RNA sequence of pathogen?

A

RT-PCR

64
Q

What is the advantage of using chemically treated papers inside a package other than putting a sensor tape on the surface of the package to monitor autoclave functions?

A

ensures that correct temperature was reached inside the package

65
Q

Continuous exposure to acoustical levels above ______ decibels can have both auditory and nonauditory effects.

A

85

66
Q

True or False: Radios should not be permitted in any room where animals are housed.

A

False

67
Q

Light levels of ____ foot-candles at _____ meters above the floor are adequate for most routine care procedures.

A

30; 1

68
Q

True or False: PCR rodent infectious agent (PRIA) panels allow detection of an infectious agent even if present in low numbers.

A

True

69
Q

What situations would PRIA testing be more valuable component?

A

pathogen is difficult to detect, pathogen takes a long time to culture, pathogen requires histopathology

70
Q

What are the 2 disadvantages of PCR tests?

A

only for use of certain pathogens, only detects active infections

71
Q

What is the overall goal of a quality assurance program?

A

maintain consistency of research and integrity of science

72
Q

How do ATP tests work?

A

it uses light to generate a response to measure the amount of ATP present

73
Q

What are the most common causes of autoclave failure?

A

cycle did not get 100% air removal, proper steam pressure not reached, too short run time, combination of

LATG (24 decks)

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