LATG 09: Molecular Biology

Question 1

What can be observed most readily during the gross examination of an animal?

Answer 1

phenotype

Question 2

What is the term for the genetic make-up of an organism?

Answer 2

genotype

Question 3

Where is the eukaryotic cell’s genetic information stored?

Answer 3

in the chromosomes

Question 4

True or False: There are many genes in a chromosome.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What is the sugar that is found in the DNA backbone?

Answer 5

Deoxyribose

Question 6

What makes up a nucleotide?

Answer 6

a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base

Question 7

What base pairs of DNA can be paired together?

Answer 7

Adenine–Thymine, Cytosine-Guanine

Question 8

What is the product of replication?

Answer 8

DNA

Question 9

What does the word “mitosis” mean?

Answer 9

threads

Question 10

How do the number of chromosomes in the ovum and sperm compare to that found in the parent cell?

Answer 10

The parent cell contains twice as many as the ovum and sperm.

Question 11

True or False: A zygote’s chromosomes are inherited from either the mother or the father.

Answer 11

False- half from both

Question 12

In mitosis, what do the chromosomes do after replicating in order to split into daughter cells?

Answer 12

pair up

Question 13

Where does replication take place?

Answer 13

in the nucleus

Question 14

In which process are germ cells produced?

Answer 14

meiosis

Question 15

True or False: Meiosis produces four different haploid daughter cells.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

True or False: The haploid daughter cells produced in meiosis are identical.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

True or False: A zygote is a diploid cell.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

True or False: The diploid daughter cells produced in mitosis are identical.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

What is the product of translation?

Answer 19

protein

Question 20

Which cellular organelle is the site of protein synthesis?

Answer 20

ribosome

Question 21

Which process must some proteins synthesized in a cell undergo before they can fulfill their role in the cell?

Answer 21

post-translational modification

Question 22

Which process enables a cell to read genetic code in the nucleus to make protein in the cytoplasm?

Answer 22

transcription

Question 23

Transfer RNA is involved in which step of protein synthesis?

Answer 23

Translation

Question 24

Where does transcription take place?

Answer 24

in the nucleus

Question 25

Electrophoresis is a technique used to___________ the DNA fragments.

Answer 25

separate

Question 26

The process of constructing the desired genetic code in a laboratory and inserting it into a zygote or embryo during development is called:

Answer 26

genetic engineering

Question 27

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to:

Answer 27

clone DNA fragments

Question 28

What is added to a DNA sample to cut the DNA into smaller pieces?

Answer 28

enzymes

Question 29

What does "cloning DNA" mean?

Answer 29

making exact copies of DNA segments

Question 30

What procedure determines the level of mRNA transcripts in a sample?

Answer 30

Quantitative RT-PCR

Question 31

How has qPCR made environmental testing possible?

Answer 31

Only a tiny amount of RNA is needed for a valid measurement.

Question 32

Proteins can be detected in a biological sample using which test?

Answer 32

Western Blot

Question 33

Using Western blot, what enables visualization of the protein?

Answer 33

antibodies

Question 34

Where does translation take place?

Answer 34

in the ribosome

Question 35

In which process do diploid cells in the ovaries and testes undergo cell division?

Answer 35

meiosis

Question 36

In which process does a eukaryotic cell nucleus split into two identical cells, followed by the division of the parent cell into two daughter cells?

Answer 36

mitosis

Question 37

What biomolecule carries the cell's genetic information across the nuclear membrane?

Answer 37

mRNA

Question 38

How has qPCR made environmental testing possible?

Answer 38

only a small amount of RNA is needed for a valid measurement

Question 39

Which process enables a cell to read genetic code in the nucleus to make protein in the cytoplasm?

Answer 39

transcription

Question 40

Cloning DNA is accomplished by either polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or by using:

Answer 40

bacteria

Question 41

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to:

Answer 41

clone DNA fragments

Question 42

For which function is RNA vital?

Answer 42

production of protein

Question 43

How many copies of each chromosome does a haploid cell have?

Answer 43

1

Question 44

In protein synthesis, during which step is messenger RNA formed?

Answer 44

the transcription of DNA

Question 45

What is the product of replication?

Answer 45

DNA

Question 46

What is the weakest bond in a DNA helix?

Answer 46

base-base

Question 47

What are the four bases found in DNA?

Answer 47

Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

Question 48

What is the process by which enzymes replicate DNA through many cycles in a PCR machine?

Answer 48

amplification

Question 49

What is the process by which enzymes replicate DNA through many cycles in a PCR machine?

Answer 49

amplification

Question 50

What is the term for a molecule that is composed of a series of chemical subunits which are linked together?

Answer 50

polymer

Question 51

What is the term for a molecule that is composed of a series of chemical subunits which are linked together?

Answer 51

polymer

Question 52

What best describes a mutation?

Answer 52

A permanent change in the DNA sequence in some or all of an animal's cells

Question 53

What is the product of transcription

Answer 53

RNA

Question 54

What is a gene?

Answer 54

a sequence of DNA that codes for a protein

Question 55

The actual physical or behavioral characteristics of an organism

Answer 55

Phenotype

Question 56

Cells that have single chromosomes not paired

Answer 56

haploid

Question 57

a permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene

Answer 57

mutation

Question 58

cells that have chromosomes that are paired

Answer 58

diploid

Question 59

the genetic makeup of an organism

Answer 59

genotype

Question 60

The number of diploid cells of mice is estimated to be about ________.

Answer 60

30,000

Question 61

A molecule composed of a series of chemical subunits that are linked together is called:

Answer 61

polymer

Question 62

What are the 3 components of a neucleotide?

Answer 62

a sugar, a nitrogen-containing base, a phosphate group

Question 63

What are the 4 bases found in DNA?

Answer 63

adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine

Question 64

Which base is paired with adenine in a DNA molecule?

Answer 64

thymine

Question 65

Which base is paired with guanine in a DNA molecule?

Answer 65

cytosine

Question 66

What are the 3 major differences between the structure and chemical makeup of DNA and RNA?

Answer 66

the sugar in DNA is deoxyribose where as the sugar in RNA is ribose, in eukaryotes DNA is double stranded whereas RNA is single stranded, the DNA base is thymine whereas in RNA it is uracil

Question 67

What is the product of replication?

Answer 67

DNA

Question 68

What is the product of transcription?

Answer 68

RNA

Question 69

What is the product of translation?

Answer 69

protein

Question 70

Where does replication take place?

Answer 70

in the nucleus

Question 71

What describes mRNA?

Answer 71

it carries the cell's genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Question 72

Proteins can be detected in a biological sample using ________ test.

Answer 72

western blot

Question 73

What technique is used to clone DNA?

Answer 73

polymerase chain reaction

Question 74

_________ is the process in which eukaryotic cell nucleus splits into 2 identical cells.

Answer 74

Mitosis

Question 75

_________ is a form of cell division that ovaries and testes undergo during the process of sexual reproduction.

Answer 75

Meiosis