LabEx2: 9,10,11,12,13 Flashcards
Lysozyme is an ezyme found in body’s secretion, such as ___1___,____2____,____3_____ and ____4___.
- saliva, 2. nasal secretion, 3. tears and
- hen’s egg(only the concentratedwhite part)
Lysozyme hydrolyzes the glycosidic bond between the ____1____ units of bacterial cell wall. which can cause the bacterial cell to ____2____.
- NAG-NAM (backbone components)
- Osmotic bursting
Lysozyme action is more pronounced and clear in Gram ___1____ than Gram ___2_____
- Gram Positive
- Gram Negative
Gram _______ cells susceptibility to lysozyme action is due to lack of a Protective barrier to the peptidoglycan layer.
Gram positive
In Gram ______ cells have an outer membrane which covers the peptidoglycan layer and shields from enzymatic attack of lysozyme
Gram Negative
__________ and __________, they represent media which routinely used by microbiologist to isolate, identify and confirm presence of specific microorganism from specimen or environment
Starch hydrolysis test:
Selective and differential media
______ have components that inhibit the growth of unwanted bacteria and encourage growth of desired microorganism. Example: Thayer Martin media,Sabouraud’s dextose Agar
Starch hydrolysis test:
Selective media
________ designed for easier detection and isolation of microorganism of interest from other growing on the same plate. Often a particular trait of the microbes is exploited
Starch hydrolysis test:
Differential media
EMB Agar, Mannitol salt Agar and Mc Conkey Agar are both ________ and _______ media
Starch hydrolysis test:
Selective and differential
_______ is a complex carbohydrates (polysaccharide), observed as inclusion bodies in some bacteria.
Starch hydrolysis test:
Starch
______ serves as carbon and energy reserve and can be degraded into individual glucose units and metabolized
Starch hydrolysis test:
Starch
If Bacteria are cultured on media containing starch as sole sugar source, some synthesize and secretes an enzyme called _______
Starch hydrolysis test:
Amylase
_______ belongs to the class of exoenzyme and breaks down starch so individual glucose unit can be transported inside cell easily.
Starch hydrolysis test:
Amylase
The ability to break down starch is examined using ________, it detects presence or absence of intact starch around Bacterial growth area
Starch hydrolysis test:
Iodine reagent
If starch is broken vicinity of bacterial growth, there would be…..
Starch hydrolysis test:
No reaction of iodine with starch
In starch hydrolysis test, Indication of starch hydrolysis by amylase, is seen as a __________ around bacterial growth
Starch hydrolysis test:
Clear area (halo)
In starchhydrolysis test, If intact starch is observed as ___________ around colony which indicate as non-hydrolysis
Starch hydrolysis test:
Blue Color/Dark coloration
_______ is an enzyme produced by many microbes to neutralize the toxic effect of hydrogen peroxide.
Catalase Test:
Catalase
Catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide to generate ______ and _________.
Catalase Test:
water and oxygen
In catalase test, oxygen release from the peroxide molecule is abserved as ________. immediate ______ is indicative of positive catalase test
Catalase Test:
Bubble
bubbling
Bacterial cells growth is influenced by many ______ and ________ factors
Anaerobic bacterial growth/Gas Chamber:
physical and chemical
______ and chemical factors are required at specifc levels; any deviations from their normal levels and conditions compromises severely bacterial growth
Anaerobic bacterial growth/gas chamber:
Physical and chemical
In anaerobic chamber, available oxygen is depleted due to chemical reactions which are initiated by ________.
Anaerobic bacterial growth/gas chamber:
adding water
The bacteria Clostridium sporogenes is a aerobic or anaerobic?
Anaerobic bacterial growth/gas chamber:
Anaerobic
the bacteria Bacillus subtiles a aerobic or anaerobic?
Anaerobic bacterial growth/gas chamber:
aerobic
The bacteria staphylococcus epidermidis is aerobic or anaerobic?
Anaerobic bacterial growth/gas chamber:
aerobic
________ is primarily used to differentiate enterics from nonenterics gram negative bacilli.
TSI agar (triple sugar iron)
_____ a complex, enriched medium with 3 sugars (glucose, sucrose and lactose).
TSI agar (triple sugar iron)
In TSI agar (triple sugar iron), _______ is supplemented at the low range concentration (0.1%) compared to the other 2 sugars.
Glucose
TSI agar (triple sugar iron) Medium differentiates bacteria on the basis of ______ Fermentation and ______ Reduction.
Sugar fermentation and sulfur reduction
TSI agar (triple sugar iron) media that has a deep butt is ________.
anaerobic condition
TSI agar (triple sugar iron) media that has a shallow slant is ______. due to Na2S2O3–>H2S
aerobic condition
In TSI agar (triple sugar iron) media yellow slant/butt, ______, _______, and/or _______ fermentation with acid accumulation in slat and butt.
This detects bacteria E.coi and Enterobacter aerogenes which also contain gas production due to cracks and lifting agar.
Glucose and lactose and/or sucrose
In TSI agar (triple sugar iron) media Red slant/ Red Butt, No Fermentation. _______ catabolized aerobically and anerobically with alkaline products. if its a Red Butt, is most likely a Obligate aerobe.
This detects bacteria Pseudomonas aeroginosa
Peptone
In TSI agar (triple sugar iron) media Black precipitate in the gar, _____ reduction. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) maybe produced by the reduction of _________ in the medium.
This detects bacteria Proteus mirabilis, also have a red slant which due to glucose.
Sulfer Reduction
thiosulfate
______ physical factor is used extensively for microbial growth control. most vegatative cells of microbes exhibit differences in their _____ tolerance. _______ can be in the form of moist _____ or dry ________.
Control of microorganisms:
Heart
______ is used in, pasteurization process (milk and juices), autoclaving of surgical materials and sterilization of baby’s feeding bottles.
Control of microorganisms:
Moist heart
________ can be used to kill microbes, sterilization of microbiological inoculating loop in lab.
Control of microorganisms:
Dry Heart
________ form of cells get killed by moist heart.
Control of microorganisms:
Vegetative
During control of microorganisms Moist Heart lab, the bacteria ___1____ did not grow, but ____2____ and _____3__ have grown from 5-25min.
- E.coli
- staphylococcus epidermidis
- bacills cereus
____1_____ is a method that incorporates mechanical removal of microorganisms from samples. the method involves passage of a liquid through a screen like material of ___2_____.
- Filter sterilization
- high tensile strength
In filter sterilization, the filter paper is inert; is made of _________ or ________.
Nitrocellulose or PVDF
In filter sterilization, Heat sensitive preparations of antibiotic, glucose, vaccines, ophthalmic soulution and enzymes are made ___1____. the pore size of the membrane is variable; we will use membrane with pore size of ___2___.
- free of microbes (sterilized)
- 0.45um
In filter sterilization, uses filter water sample to evaluate presence of coliforms, it yields accurates results if the colony count is in range of ______ organisms per filter disces. filtration can be used on emb plate or agar plate
30-300
