Exam2:Toxin Flashcards
______ harmful substances made by some pathogenic bacteria sps.
- cause tissue injury/trigger host immune response
- normally blood or lymph soluble; are systemically distributed
toxin
advantage to bacteria when it makes _______ helps the bacteria be shredded from body one of mechanism of bacteria spread transmission, it compromised immune system so the host immune system has least impact on bacteria
toxin
______ are altered/inactivated toxins, mainly for exotoxins,
-often used as vaccines; stimulates antibody production, -inactivating of toxin preparation physical means radiation/heat or chemicals
toxoid
_______ clinical term for presence of toxin in blood such as endotoxemia-endotoxin in blood
toxemia
______ are usually ABS of proteins the recognized and binds to toxin then neutralized the toxin
antitoxin
______ ability of bacteria to make toxin
toxigenicity
tissue injury could be ______ secreted and destroy host cells mediated by interference of bacterial toxin
exotoxins
tissue injury could be ________ released upon cell desk (naturally or following phagocytosis) stimulates body cells to releases chemicals that causes coagulation shock and low blood pressure increased permeability of hemorrhage blood vessel
endotoxin
is this exotoxin or endotoxin? source: gram positive and gram negative relative toxicity: high heat stability: unstable at high temp. (Inactive) effect on host: variable
exotoxin
is this exotoxin or endotoxin? source: gram negative only relative toxicity: low heat stability: stable at 1hr, 120C effect on host: fever, shock, coagulation
endotoxin
- synthesized and secreted by gram +/- bacteria; part of their normal growth and metabolism
- coded by plasmids or phage DNA
exotoxin
These are the groups of _______
cytotoxins, neurotoxins, entertoxins,superantigens
exotoxin
three types of cytotoxin kills/affects host cells functions:
examples of ______ secreted by S. pneumonia that binds to cholesterol of ciliated epithelial cells and make holes. S. pneumonia inhibits phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages, inhibits digestion
pneumolysin
three types of cytotoxin kills/affects host cells functions:
examples of _______ binds and inactives eukaryotic elongation factors -2 (EFF2) stops host cells proteins sythesis
diphtheria toxin
three types of cytotoxin kills/affects host cells functions:
examples of ________ which also contain 3 parts of toxin is protective antigens, lethal factor, edema factor
anthrax toxin
shiga toxin potent cytotoxin made by _______
E.coli 0157 H7
which toxin is ______ that
A part enters endothelial cells which reacts with ribosomes and stops protein syntheses
shiga toxin
_______ is responsible for RBC’s break up in tiny blood vessels which results in anemia, kidney failure accompanied by paralysis and nervous system injury signs.
hemolytic anemic syndrome
________ impairs neuronal cells function which cause paralysis
neurotoxin
_______ alters functioning of the gastrointestinal cell lining which causes intestinal disturbances.
enterotoxin
_______ encoded by phage DNA
A subunit - modifies or degraded inside cell
B subunit - E1Tor sps strain of V. Choleral or
0139 bengal strain emerging pathogen more virulent
cholera toxin
_________ soluble NSF attachment receptor protein
SNARE
_____ N ethyl maleimide sensitive fusion protein
NSF
Tetanus toxin action as tetanospasmin ________
GABA
______ lipid A portion of outer membrane LPS of gram negative sps.
- released upon cell damage and cell wall breakage
- all _______ produce the same signs and symptoms, though to different degree
- _______ have the same mode of action, irrespecive of the species
endotoxin
_______ to loss of bicarbonate ions
metabolic acidosis
_______ would lead to loss of blood pressure which eventually vital organ and failure
Hypovolumic shock
