Exam 4: ONLY Rickettesia, Chlamydia, Myoplasma

Question 1

______ causes rocky mountain spotted fever and transmitted by ticks (dermacentor)

note: NO human to human transmission, only by ticks to human.

Answer 1

Rickettsia Rickettsii

Question 2

________ spotted rash is on the trunks, appendages, palms and soles along with fever, headache, chills, muscle aches. It may involve the respiratory, gastrointestinal and nervous system.

-If left untreated, CNS infection may induce convulsions, coma and death.

Answer 2

Rickettsia Rickettsii

Note: Don’t cause or associated with rickets(rickets is different)

rickets is nutritional deficiency diseases

Question 3

______ is non motile, gram negative aerobic, obligate intracellular parasite. it has a peptidoglycan cell wall and lipopolysaccharide outer membrane; slime layer is also present.

Answer 3

Rickettsia Rickettsii

Question 4

_______ and _______ are the only BACTERIA that are obligate intracellular parasite. Why? is not able to utilize glucose as a nutrient for energy. for it to obtain energy, it oxidses amino acids and intermediates of krebs cycle

Answer 4

Rickettsia Rickettsii and Chlamydia

Question 5

______ if its goes outside the host, it dies quickly; it needs transmission from one host to another (only by ticks to human, NO human to human) its a Vector, indirect transmission by a tick.

Answer 5

Rickettsia Rickettsii

Question 6

_____ is any agent that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen into another living organism. from one individual to another individual.

Answer 6

Vector

Question 7

________ enters by endocytosis and exits cells by exocytosis. prevents vesicle fusion with lysosomes to form phagosomes; breaks out of vesicle by enzyme secretion.

Answer 7

Rickettsia rickettsili

Question 8

_______ is a slow growing pathogen and divides only 8-12hrs. it remains dormant in tick’s salivary gland; prolonged feeding makes infective bacteria release into host system.

Answer 8

Rickettsia rickettsili

Question 9

No toxin is secreted by _______, disease is due to damaged blood vessel which causes blood to escape (petechiae) another word subcutaneous hemorrhage which end up low blood pressure and poor oxygenation.

Answer 9

Rickettsia Rickettsii

Question 10

a patients that is recovering from ________, may experience paralysis of the legs and gangrenous secondary infection with clostridium perfringens.

note: early diagnosis is essential and there is NOeffective vaccine as of now.

Answer 10

Rickettsia Rickettsii

Question 11

______ is once considered belonging to viruses due to small size and intracellular life style (energy arasites lacking enzymes for ATP synthesis)

Answer 11

Chlamydia

Question 12

_____ have DNA, RNA and 70S ribosomes

Answer 12

Chlamydia

Question 13

______ enters through cuts, abrasions; infects mucosal and conjunctival cells

Answer 13

Chlamydia

Question 14

In Chlamydia, different strains causes 2 main types of diseases which are ________ and ________.

Answer 14

1.Sexually transmitted diseases

• Non gonococcal urethritis
• Lymphogranuloma Venerum (LGV)
• Trachomatis

2.Ocular diseases

• Conjunctivitis trachoma

Question 15

Chlamydia that causes “sexually transmitted diseases” ________ is an infection of the urethra. is similiar to gonorrhea (note: Gonorrhea means flow of seed due to the pusk)

Answer 15

non gonococcal urethritis

Question 16

Chlamydia that causes “sexually transmitted diseases” Non gonococcal urethritis is _______, common in women and complication is Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) due to immune response; increase risk of steriling and ectopic pregnancy.

Answer 16

Asymptomatic

Question 17

Chlamydia that causes “sexually transmitted diseases” Non gonococcal urethritis in men is ________, first symptom is usually a leakage of milky fluid (discharge) from the tip of the penis. If the infection is not treated, it may move up around the testicles, causing pain, swelling, and sterility.

Answer 17

Symptomatic

Question 18

Chlamydia that causes “sexually transmitted diseases” ________, is lesion in lymph nodes at the groin area also called “bubos” painful inflammed lymphnode.

Answer 18

Lymphogranuloma (LGV)

Question 19

Chlamydia that causes “Ocular Diseases” is ____1____, causes non traumatic blindness in children’s.

In adults can causes infection of the eye and lead to blindness as well is called, ___2____ is due to transmission from infected genitals to eyes, via fomites, fingers, flies

Answer 19

1. conjunctivitis Trachoma
2. trachomatis

Question 20

___1____ can be transmitted sexually or non sexually, how?

In sexually, _____1___ is non motile, which hitch hikes on sperm cells, binds to receptors on host cell surface. (note: same as Gonorrhea)

In non sexually, ____1____ is transmitted by in non chlorinated pool, during birth process inferior or poor medical care.

Answer 20

1. chlamydia

Question 21

Antibiotices that is effectiveness against chlamydia is ______1___ and ___2_____. (Note: PENCILLIN IS NOT EFFECTIVE)

Answer 21

1. Doxycycline
2. Erythromycin

Question 22

____1____ has NO peptidoglycan between membranes, it has 2 membranes which is similar to gram negative cells surrounds each _____1___ cells but “NO CELL WALL” (note: penicellin cannot penetrate)

Answer 22

1.Chlamydia

note: I didnt understand this, but just remember there is no peptidoglycan

Question 23

_______ is virulence, is due to escape from host immune response, it’s unique cell wall prevents phagosome fusing with lysosomes inside phagocytes

Answer 23

Chlamydia

Question 24

Chlamydia binds to conjuctival cells and multiplies within by killing them, which triggers pus formation then scares conjunctiva, which inturns patients eyelids turn inwards that causes eyelashes irritates, scratches and scars cornea, then triggers blood vessels invasion into clear areas; looses transparency which leads to blindness is a ocular disease called _________.

Answer 24

Conjunctiva trachomatis (these are the steps to this disease)

Question 25

______ is

• small, cocci shaped
• infective form; dormant and similar to spores in resistance.
• extracellular form

Answer 25

elementary bodies (EB)

Question 26

________ is

• large, pleomorphie
• reproductive forms
• intracellular form because energy parasites entirely lacking ATP synthesis

Answer 26

reticulate bodies (RB or initial bodies)

Question 27

How does elementary bodies(EB) and reticulate bodies(RB) process works?

Answer 27

Question 28

________ is the smallest form of life, originally thought as belonging to viruses; contains DNA, RNA, ribosomes and divide by binary fission. it’s pleomorphic and looks like fried egg appearance.

Answer 28

Mycoplasm pneumoniae

Question 29

______ causes pneumonia, walking pneumonia, primary atypical pneumonia(dont need hospitialisation and means can infect immune compartment)

• mild symptoms: fever, malaise headache

Answer 29

Mycoplasm pneumoniae

Question 30

_______ causes persistant unproductive cough due to repeat attempt to clear mucus and pathogens from lungs

Answer 30

Mycoplasm pneumoniae

Question 31

______ is common amongst high school and college students, can be spread by close contact a via aerosole meaning through coughing, singing or talking at students.

Answer 31

Mycoplasm pneumoniae

Question 32

_________ penicillin is not effective; other antibiotics works. no available vaccine because cells contain cholesterol in membrane.

Answer 32

Mycoplasm pneumoniae

Question 33

_______ is virulence, which is one of the few that cause hman disease mainly due to 2 factors.

1. Capsule: provide protection from phagocytosis
2. adhesive protein: attaches to ciliated epithelial cells receptors; interferes with mucus clearance and ciliary functions due to mucus builds and irritates respiratory tract

Answer 33

Mycoplasm pneumoniae