Exam 2:Appendages and internal structures Flashcards
_________ are long, semi rigid and filamentous appendage, aids in motility.-acts as a spinning motor, propels cell in forward direction-_______ motility involves expenditure of cellular energy
flagella
Flagellum has 3 basic parts(acts like PAMP)_______ long whiplike structure of constant diameter -no covering - structural component globular protein
Filament
Flagellum has 3 basic parts(acts like PAMP)_______ wider part to which filament is attached
Hook
Flagellum has 3 basic parts(acts like PAMP)_______ anchors flagellum to the cell wall and membrane-includes a central rod inserted into a series of ringsGram Positive _______Gram Negative _______
Basal BodyGram positive - one pair of rings which is attached to plasma membrane.Gram negative - two pair of ringsouter pair attaches to cell wallinner pair attaches to plasma membrane
Flagella arrangement:______ single polar flagella ex. pseudomonas aeroginosa
monotrichous
Flagella arrangement:_____ flagella distributed over entire surface, functions in unison as a single unit
peritrichous
Flagella arrangement:_______ tuft of flagella at each end of cellex. spirlillum voutans
amphitrichous
flagella arrangement:______ two or more flagella at at one pole of cellex: helicobacter pylorii, helps bacteria to cross the mucosal coating of the intestinal epithelium (virulence factor)
lophotrichous
chemical (chemotaxis)attractant (ex.nutrient) cells move towards it ______repellent (ex.toxic, heat) cells move away from it ________
positive taxisnegative taxis
Chemotaxis:attractant more ____ of longer duration and _____repellent more _____ and _______
run of longer duration and less tumblesmore tumbles and less run
chemotaxis:______ sustained unidirectional movement
runs
______ sudden stop, cells rolls over several times. changes direction and resume run
tumbles
______ also called sex ____ or F ____ or conjugation______ are shorter than flagella-usually 1-10 sex ___ per cells-aids in joining cells of opposite mating typesduring conjugation process is one of the ways by which cells exchange genetic material
pili (pilius)
________ (variation of pili)_______ numbers varies (few to thousands) distributed throughout or have polar concentration-aids in attachment to substrate as well as to one another -harbors _______ , ether at the tip or all along its length
FimbriaeHarbors adhesin Note: pili and fimbriae have piling proteins
Attaches to cells lining the urogential system (urethra and vagina) not other place
Neisseria gonorrhoeae and pathogenesis
Which juice helps with UTI which Directly filter from kidney and do not detoxyfiedIt strips off bacteria and flush out E.Coli
Cranberry
Bordetella have and helps
Adhensins and secure
_______ present in spirochetes Ex: treponema palliolion and Lyme disease pathogen There is an Luther sheath membrane below which are fibrils (axial filaments)-sheath is anchored at one end and spirals around cells-uses cork screw motion to drill into viscous tissues of their host
Endoflagella
__________ its single circular double stranded DNA molecule. (Supercooled)-anchored to plasma membrane; confined in nucleoid area
Chromosomes
______ small, extrachromosomal DNA molecules-self replicating units-are not required for metabolism / survival under normal condition It doesn’t encode any “house keeping gene” but provides selective advantages to bacteria cell-function of _____carry genes for activities such as -antibiotics resistance-toxins production
Plasmids
_____ is associated with Bacterial translation -are smaller, less dense than eukaryotes ________ (70s vs 80s)-made of 2 subunits; preferred target site of some antibiotics actionBacteria ______. ____S _____ small subunit_____ large subunitEukaryotes ______ _____S_____ small subunit_____ large subunit
Ribosomes Bacterial ribosomes 70s30s small 50s largeEukaryotes ribosomes 80s40s small 60s large
Plasma types : ______ codes for sex pili (f pili)-involved in conjunction process
Fertility plasmid
Plasmid type:________ carry resistance genes for antimicrobial agents -have both origin of transfer genes as well as _______ genes -are self transmissionable plasmid (don’t need help of F plasmid)
Resistance plasmids
Plasmid type:Carry genes for the _______Roles of ______ toxin Kill other competing bacteria cells that don’t have bacteria plasmid
Bacteriocin plasmid
Plasmid type: Carry genetic information for ______structures enzymes or toxin
Virulence plasmid
______have 2 plasmidsCapsule - poly D glutamic acidsAnthrax toxin 3 parts toxin
Bacillus anthracis
________ represents polyphosphate granules
- can be degraded and used as iP source for PL, ATP, nucleic acid, teichic acid
- stains red with some blue dyes (methylene blue)
- characteristic feature of corynebacterium diptheriae
metachromatic granules
(aka storage granules “nonfunctional unit)
__________ includes starch and glycogen
- they are storage depot for carbon and energy source
- clinically useful for chlamydia sps indentification
polysaccharides granules
_________ represented by inclusions of poly B-hydroxy butyric acid(PBB) surrounded by monolayer membrane “cytoplasm”
- like polysaccharide, they are carbon and energy storage polymer
- observed in mycobacterium
Lipid inclusion
_____ are refractile structures; commonly made by the gram positive
- produced in response to unfavorable conditions
- single bacterium make one spore “spore dormant structures and highly resistant to harsh environments
- spores contain DNA, RNA, ribosomes and dipicolinic acid accompanied by increased Ca ions
endospores
_____ is the process of endospore formation within vegetative cell
sporulation
_______ is the process by which the endospore returns to the vegetative cell
germination
