Final Exam: STI Flashcards
STI in ______ is symptomantic
male
STI in ______ is Asymptomantic
female
_______ An infection that can be transmitted through sexual interaction (not just intercourse!)
STI
Some __1____ can be cured, others cannot
- Can cause embarrassment, compromised health, pain, infertility and even death !!
- Half of all ___1___ in U.S. are believed to occur amongst 15 - to 24 year-olds
- Most __1___ are preventable (condom)
1.STI
Factors contributing to ___1___
- •Multiple sexual partners
- •Sex without protection or condom
- •Increased use of oral contraceptives (?) less likely to use condom
- •Lack of information about ___1__ in young people
- Many ___1__ do not have obvious symptoms!!!
- STI
_____ Great imitator disease;
- Worldwide distribution; occurs in many forms
- Approx 12 millions individuals are infected each year;
- endemic amongst sex workers, MSM and drug users
MSM means
male sex male
Syphilis has 3 defined clinical stages: each with unique features ___1___, ___2___ and __3____
primary, seconday and tertiary
________ fastiduous, motile spirochete with glycocalyx
Syphilis/Treponema pallidum
______ humans are the only hosts; NO animal reservoir
Syphilis/Treponema pallidum
_____ killed by drying / chilling, disinfectants, soaps; sensitive to O2 conc, pH changes etc
Syphilis/Treponema pallidum
________ no cell free cultivation medium but can be grown in rapid testescle
Syphilis/Treponema pallidum
___1___ slow growing , survives for a few generation, can crosses placenta and infects fetus causes congenital ____1____ to the baby
1.Syphilis/Treponema pallidum
Virulence factors of _______, is Not defined well but indirect observation / evidences indicates
Syphilis/Treponema pallidum
Virulence factors of ______, some proteins that facilitates adherence to epithelial cells
Syphilis/Treponema pallidum
Virulence factors of _______ ,hyaluronidase secretion helps to infiltrate intercellular spaces
Syphilis/Treponema pallidum
Virulence factors of _______ ,Glycocalyx : protects the bacteria from phagocytosis by defense cells
Syphilis/Treponema pallidum
Transmission of _______
- sexual contacts ( major mode),
- blood transfusion ( rare, but have been reported)
- Primarily from open lesions to mucous membranes of the vagina, oral cavity, anus or via cuts / abrasions on the skin
- accomplished by penile - vaginal, oral- genital, oral- anal, or genital - anal contacts
Syphilis/Treponema pallidum
_______ has NO fomite mediated transmission if it’s dry,
but Only if toilet seat coverd by human body fluid(wet) can be transmitted.
Syphilis/Treponema pallidum
_______ Characterized by the appearance of a painless sore called chancre
Primary stage of syphilis
______ center contains heavy load of spirochetes along with serum. Lesion usually appears ~ 3 weeks after initial infection
Primary stage of syphilis
______ Initially occurs on the penis, vagina, or cervix, but can be inside mouth or rectum
Primary stage of syphilis
______ Generally, heals without treatment within
3 - 6 weeks
Primary stage of syphilis
_______ Usually occurs 2 - 8 weeks after exposure. Bacteremia initiates ; skin rash appears on body, often on palms and soles
Secondary stage of syphilis
_______ typically doesn’t hurt or itch; lesions are filled with contagious bacteria. can be transmitted via skin break. Patient may have flu like symptoms (mild fever, sore throat, headache etc )
Secondary stage of syphilis
______ Characterized by NO observable symptoms ( asymptomatic phase) can last for years !!
Latent phase of syphilis infection
_______ After 1 year in the latent stage, infected individuals typically fails to transmit the infection to partners. pregnant women can still transfer and infect their babies / fetus
Latent phase of syphilis infection
___1____ Approx 15% of individuals who don’t receive treatment transitions to ___1__syphilis
1.Tertiary syphilis
________ Not associated with direct effects of thespirochete but is complication of inflammation + a hyperimmune respones
Tertiary syphilis
_______ Clinical manifestations are observed as, Gummas which is painful rubbery lesion on bone, muscle, skin. nervous tissue
Tertiary syphilis
_______ occurs 10 - 20 years post initial infection and other symptoms may include heart failure, blindness, paralysis, skin ulcers along with severe mental disturbance due to CNS destruction and personality changes
Tertiary syphilis
_____ is diagnos by MHA-TP (microhemaglutinin assay fortreponema pallidum)
Syphilis
_______ can be observed in fresh discharge from lesions. it need to be immediately viewed under dark microscope and normally don’t survive in transport media
syphilis
______ specimen’s from oral cavity cant be tested, its false positive reult due to oral spirochete
syphilis
_______ is difficult to diagnose, as it miics other diseases
Tertiary syphilis
______ injections are effective against primary, seconday and latent syphilis
Penicillin G
Antibiotics are not effective in ______, due to hyperimmune response
Tertiary syphilis
_______ transmission during primary or secondary stages of infection is usually fatal to the fetus
Congenital syphilis
_______ child suffers from mental retardation along with organ failures with rashes typical of secondary stage
In latent stage
Gornorrhea is Acute infection, incubation period 2-5 days; symptomatic infection in ______ symptomatic; painful urination and purulent discharge
males
Gonorrhea is Acute infection, incubation period 2-5 days; in ____1__ is asymptomatic; 25 % of __1__ suffer from Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
1.females
_____ : non motile, Gr (–) ve diplococci
Virulent forms have virulence factors of,
- fimbriae
- capsule
- extended LPS; avoids MAC mediated lysis
- iprotease that destroys IgA at mucosal membrane
neisseria gonorrhoeae
______ secrete antibodies present at mucosal surface
IgA
______ Low virulence dose: 100 cells can cause infection
Neisseria gonorrhoea
______ In women’s attaches to receptors on non ciliated, mucosal epithelial cells
- attaches to cervix (of uterus) but not vaginal wall
- hitch hikes on sperm cells to uterine tube and cause PID
- chronic infection can lead to scarring of the uterine tube with consequent of entopic pregancy and sterility
- also infects urethra + cause inflammatory
Neisseria gonorrhoea
______ In men’s, (specifically MSM ) the bacteria can lead to proctitis gingivitis and pharygitis inflammation of the rectum area
- directly transmitted; sensitive to dryness and cold
- NO animal reservoir
- disease of humans only; more sexual partners neonatal opthelmia gonorrhoea
Neisseria gonorrhoea
______ in children’s causes blindness
- bacteria in pus discharge from an inflammed penis
- ii. available genetic probes are accurate, quick in confirming the bacteria in clinical samples
Neisseria gonorrhoea
_____ has become Worldwide strains have become increasingly resistant to common antibiotics because of the R plasmid acquired
Neisseria gonorrhoea
For _______ CDC recommendation intake of both illuoroquinolones and cephalosporins
Neisseria gonorrhoea
_____ has No vaccine yet; long term immunity can’t be established.
Neisseria gonorrhoea
