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Biol3 > Exam 2: cell anatomy > Flashcards

Exam 2: cell anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Bacteria cell envelope contain a

A

Capsule, cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane

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2
Q

Bacteria appendages ?

A

Flagella, fimbriae, pili, endoflagella

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3
Q

Exchange of genetic material between cells is meditated via sex of pili

A

FPili -> SexPili

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4
Q

Bacteria accessory structures

A

Chromosome, plasmids ribosomes, inclusions

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5
Q

Bacteria chromosome contain

A

One circular chromosome

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6
Q

What are subunits of Bacteria plasmids ribosomes

A

Bacterial ribosomes 70s
30s small subunit
50s large subunit

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7
Q

What are subunits of Eukaryotic plasmid ribosomes

A

Eukaryotic plasmid ribosomes 80s
40s Small subunit
60s large subunit

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8
Q

The 3 Granules of Inclusions

A

Volutin granules, polysaccharides granules, B-Hydroxybutyric acid granules
Extra: 1 buck cells will have 1 type of inclusion bodies

(Inclusions define as storage granules/nonfunctional units)

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9
Q

_________ will have 1 type of inclusion bodies

A

1 buck cells

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10
Q

Glycocalyx are sugar __________

A

Covering coat

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11
Q

Glycocalyx is viscous, gelatinous material present on the __________ surface

A

External

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12
Q

Glycocalyx composed mainly of ___________. And exmple of bacteria is _____________.

A

Polysaccharide

Bacillus anthracis

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13
Q

Glycocalyx synthesized inside ________ cell and secreted outside onto cell surface

A

Poly D Glutamic Acid

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14
Q

When staining and detection for glycocalyx you use ______ and _______

A

Acidic dye and negative staining

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15
Q

The _______ of glycocalyx is well structured and firmly attached to cell wall

A

Capsule

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16
Q

________ is the secreted portion is disorganized and loosely attached

A

Slime layer

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17
Q

The capsule function is ______ defense barrier

A

Passive

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18
Q

Capsule function for protection is due to its __________ nature which is ___________ are the structural protein that enchanted disease carrier ability of pathogen.

A

ANTI-Phagocytic

Virulence factor

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19
Q

Capsule ______ chemical compounds normally present in host human body fails to stimulate host defense system

Example that has a capsule made of hyaluronic Acid is ______.

A

Mimicks

Streptococcus pyogene

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20
Q

Capsule has a ______ nature that tend to ________ away from defense cell phagocytosis

A

Slippery

Slip

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21
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae &a capsule has 2 variant _______ & ______

A

Capsulated which is pathogenic causes full blown disease in human

Noncapsulated which is nonpathogentic which fails to established

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22
Q

Capsule protect cell from _______, due to its functional capacity to bind and retain water molecules (hydrophilic nature)

A

Drying

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23
Q

A capsule _______ plays critical role during initial attachment to their host surface, its _______ surface can be pinned down phagocytosed or eliminated by defense cells

A

Colonization

Rough surface

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24
Q

______ and _______ colonize on the tooth which has no role in transplant nutrient source for bacteria. Surface ferment ______ and produce acidic products which destroys tooth and cause tooth decay

A

Streptococcus mutants and dential plague

Sugar

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25
Q

__________ is trademark of streptococcus pneumonia capsule subunit vaccine

A

Prenate 13

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26
Q

bacterial cell wall: ______ macromolecule and provides rigidly and mechanical stability due to its highly _________ structures

A

Grampositive peptidoglycan

crosslined

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27
Q

bacterial cell wall: Backbone linear polymer of repeat __________ units, the units are made of alternating NAG and NAM linked by ____________

A

disaccharide

o-glycosidic linkage

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28
Q

bacterial cell wall: Tail _________ composed of alternating ___ and ___ amino acids

___ are stereoisomers mostly found in cell which is rare.
___ more found in amino acids

A

Tetrapeptide
D and L

D are stereoisomers mostly found in cell which is rare.
L more found in amino acids

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29
Q

_______ attaches to NAM via a complex linkage

which minimizes tendency to form helices and provides an extended “Rigid” peptide chain

A

Tail

30
Q

________ crosslink between parallel tetrapeptide side chains which stabilize the polypeptide structure

A

bridge (connecting chain)

31
Q

_______ made of ether short chain of amino acids or directly bonded to one another, which links 3rd residue of one chain to the 4th residual amino acid of the adjacent tetrapeptide chain

A

bridge (connecting chain)

32
Q

_______ enzyme facilitate crossing bridging which are in Gram positive and Gram negative

A

Penicillin Bind Protein (PBP)

33
Q

________ is a multilayered, permits free passage of substances (sugar,ions,aminoacids)
- it posses typical peptidoglycan structure with few unque features.

A

Gram Positive

34
Q

______

  • the third amino acid in the tetrapeptide tail is always L-ysine
  • wide variation in bridge amino acid sequence
A

Gram Positive

35
Q

_______ are found associated with Gram Positive Cell wall

A

teichoic Acid

36
Q

________ is Gram positive cell wall but is resistant to gram staining is due to the presence of waxy mycolic acid in it cell wall structure

A

mycobacterium cell wall

37
Q

________ polymer of sugar/glycerol phosphate with amino acid (D-alanine) which are covalently attached to NAM

A

teichoic acids

38
Q

_______ are classes of teichoic acids, which spans the thick peptidoglycan layer that attached to plasma membrane lipids

A

lipoteichoic acid

39
Q

______ are classes of teichoic acids, which confined to the peptidoglycan layer

A

wall teichoic acid

40
Q
  • binds and regulate gram positive charged ions movements into and out of the cell
  • they furnish attachment site for many bacteriophages
  • provides antigenic specificity
A

teichoic acid

41
Q

______ is one of the PAMP’s but are not found in human body

A

teichoic acid

42
Q

________ consist of periplasm and periplasmic space

  • 1-2 layers of peptidogly can
  • an outermembrane cell wall
  • NOOOOOO TEICHOIC ACID
A

gram negative

43
Q

_________ thin layered, suspended in the periplasmic space

  • linked to outer membrane (lipoprotein)
  • posses typical peptidoglycan structure with two changes
A

gram negative

44
Q

______ the third amino acid of the tetrapeptide tail is diaminopimelic acid

A

gram negative

45
Q

________ -the cross bridge is direct!!!!!
-linking pattern is similar the 3rd amino acid of tail is directly connected to the 4th amino acid of the adjacent tail from NAM

A

gram negative

46
Q

_______ are lipopolysaccharide layer and asymmetric lipid bilayer
which also consist of lipoproteins, phospholipids and proteins

A

gram negative “outer membrane architectures”

47
Q

________ serves as molecular finger print during identification process
-made of two component polysaccharide portion and lipid portion (lipid A)

A

lipopolysaccharide molecule

48
Q

_______ polymeric sugars with o-glycosidic bonds

-composition varies among bacteria E.coli 0157 (cattle intestine) and E.coli K12 (human intestine)

A

polysaccharide portion

49
Q

-plays role in resistance toward complement activation and MAC lysis (membrane attack complex)

A

polysaccharide portion

50
Q

_________ resistance which have extended lipopolysaccharide to keep MAC away

A

neisseria gonorrhoeae

51
Q

______ is essential for insertion of polysaccharide in the outer membrane leaflet

  • released during bacterial lysis due to
  • antibiotic associated cell lysis
  • phagocytosis by macrophagest other defense cell
  • MAC mediated complement lysis
A

lipid portion

52
Q

_______ plays important role during pathogenesis of many microbes, which causes disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

A

lipid portion

53
Q

________ interferes with peptidoglycan synthesis that binds to PBP, which facilitates cross linking of adjacent tetrapeptide chain that acts like a barrier

A

penicillin

54
Q

______ is effective only against gram positive bacteria because gram negative bacteria have lipopolysaccharide and protein layer of the cell wall, preventing _______ from attacking

A

penicillin

55
Q

______ binds to 4th amino acid of the tail to prevent cross binding

A

vancomylin

56
Q

______ present in tears, saliva and body fluid

  • breaks bond between NAG and NAM (backbone structure)
  • provides natural defense
A

lysozyme

57
Q

_______ are gram positive cells stripped off the cell wall mechanism of antibiotic resistance against cell wall acting antibiotic

A

Protoplast

58
Q

______ are gram negative cells partially stripped off cell wall

A

spheroplast

59
Q

_______ is thin structure lies inside the cell

  • defines as the external boundary of cell
  • has prokaryote plasma membrane which consist
A

plasma membrane

60
Q

_______ plasma membraneconsist of protein, lipids, glycoproteins, and most plasma membrane have NO CHOLESTEROL!

A

prokaryote

61
Q

_______ membrane has cholesterol in plasma, also cannot treat with penicillin

A

mycoplasma

62
Q

_____ acts as selective barrier which monitors flow in both direction and helps maintain constant appropriate internal environment

A

plasma membrane

63
Q

antibiotics and disinfectant:

_______ trademarks name of phenol based antibacterial agent (6 phenyphenol)

A

Lysol

64
Q

antibiotics and disinfectant:

______ acts in a similar way as lysol, is a phenol based antibacterial agent.

A

alcohol

65
Q

antibiotics and disinfectant:

______ is part of 1st aid ointment that dissolves lipid and denatured membrane proteins then cell dies

A

polymixin B

66
Q

_______ extend into or through the lipids bilayer which typically are trans membranes proteins

A

integral proteins

67
Q

_______ attached to inner or outer surface of membranes which functions as enzymes, scaffold, receptors

A

peripheral proteins

68
Q

______ are mechanism that facilitates small molecules to enter cell across the normally impermeable membrane

A

transport system

69
Q

roles of _______

  • to bring in nutrients
  • expel waste products and substances harmful to the cell
  • secretes selective proteins molecules
A

transport system

70
Q

_______ bacteria secrete alpha - amylase
which are
starch>glucose unit>transport in cells

A

slime

Biol3 (26 decks)

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