Lab Quiz 5 - Blood Vessels Flashcards
carry blood away from the heart
arteries
return blood to the heart
veins
capillaries are composed only of
endothelium (simple squamous epithelium)
at the arterial end plasma is forced out by
hydrostatic pressure
at the venous end most fluid is drawn back in by
osmotic pressure from albumin proteins
allows fluid exchange with tissues
capillaries
3 classes of arteries
- elastic
- muscular
- arterioles
- thick walled arteries, near the heart
- e.g. aorta, carotids
elastic arteries
- delivers blood to specific organs/muscles
- e.g. radial, tibial
muscular arteries
small, constrict and dilate to control flow into capillaries
arterioles
very similar to capillaries, a class of veins
venules
have larger lumens and thinner walls than arteries
medium and large ones most often seen
veins
prevent backflow of blood
valves
valves are only present in which veins
veins w/ diameter greater than 2mm
veins that drain into the right atrium
- superior vena cava
- inferior vena cava
- coronary sinus
drains the head, neck, thorax, and both upper limbs
superior vena cava
drains the abdomen, pelvis, and both lower limbs
inferior vena cava (IVC)
drains blood from the heart wall
coronary sinus
3 layers of blood vessels (most internal to external)
- tunica intima
- tunica media
- tunica externa
blood supply to larger arteries
vasa vasorum
which type of vessel has the highest avg blood pressure
elastic arteries (aorta)
which blood vessels have the lowest average blood pressure
venae cavae
macromolecules, large proteins such as albumins
colloids
supplies the brain
circle of willis
arterial pathway of the upper limbs
- subclavian
- axillary
- brachial
- radial and ulnar
- superficial and deep palmar arches
- terminal digital arteries
supplied by anterior and posterior intercostal arteries
thoracic wall
made up of endothelium and a basement membrane of connective tissue
tunica interna
- middle layer, contains smooth muscle arranged circularly for regulating blood flow
- most blood vessels in this layer supplied w/ sympathetic nerve endings (except for clitoris and penis)
tunica media
outer layer composed of connective tissue; responsible for protection, support, and anchorage
tunica externa
which arteries are the first to exit the ascending aorta
coronary arteries
three branches of the aortic arch
- brachiocephalic
- common carotid
- subclavian
where does the aorta terminate
at the common iliac arteries
the descending aorta has what types of divisions
thoracic and abdominal
- very superficial on median size of the leg
- often used for coronary artery bipasses
- empties into the femoral vein
greater saphenous vein
superficial vein on the lateral side of the leg
lesser saphenous vein
venous pathway of the lower limb veins
- digital veins
- pedal arches
- fibular and anterior/posterior tibial veins
- popliteal vein
- femoral vein
- external iliac
- common iliac
deep veins of the lower leg
- digital
- pedal arches
- fibular
- ant/post tibial
- popliteal
- femoral
- external iliac
- common iliac
superficial veins of the lower limb
greater and lesser saphenous
a specialized vascular system that begins and ends with a capillary bed
portal system
drains blood from the gastric, splenic, pancreatic, and superior/inferior mesenteric vein
hepatic portal vein
when blood is in the liver sinusoids, what happens?
the blood is detoxified and nutrients are removed
blood exits the liver via what vein and empties into where
leaves via hepatic veins
empty into IVC
pelvis is drained by
the internal iliacs
abdominal veins that drain into the IVC
- L&R suprarenal vein
- L&R renal vein
- L&R gonadal
- common iliac
the left gonadal vein dreins into where
the left renal vein
the right gonadal vein drains directly into where
IVC
- thoracic veins
- join on the posterior of the chest wall and empty into the SVC
- azygos vein
- hemiazygos vein
splits immediately into the right subclavian and right common carotid arteries
brachiocephalic trunk
- divides into the external and internal portions
common carotids (R and L)
superficial head and neck
external carotid
goes through the carotid canal and supplies the brain
internal carotid
travels to the shoulder and upper arm
subclavian artery
composed of internal carotids and vertebrals
circle of willis
the right and left vertebral arteries fuse to become
basilar artery
basilar artery branches to become the
posterior cerebral artery (PCA)
connect the posterior cerebral artery to te internal carotids
posterior communicating arteries
which arteries join the anterior communicating arteries to finish the circle of willis
anterior cerebral arteries (given off by internal carotids)
venous pathway of the deeper veins of the upper limb
- arches in hand
- radial and ulnar veins
- brachial vein
- axillary vein
- subclavian vein
- brachiocephalic vein
- superior vena cava
venous pathway of the superficial veins of the upper limb
- basilic (M) vein
- cephalic (L) vein
- median cubital vein
- axiallary vein
- subclavian vein
- brachiocephalic vein
- superior vena cava
deep veins run along
arteries of the same name
more superficial veins have
a more variable path
venous sinuses
- superior sagittal
- inferior sagittal
- sigmoidal
where do the venous sinuses of the head and neck drain into
the internal jugular veins
at jugular foramen
drains the posterior head and neck, superficially
external jugular veins
internal jugulars join what to form the brachiocephalic veins that drain into the SVC
subclavians
branches off the thoracic aorta
intercostal arteries
unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta
- celiac trunk (hepatic, gastric, splenic a.)
- superior mesenteric a.
- inferior mesenteric a.
the celiac trunk splits to become which arteries
- hepatic artery
- gastric artery
- splenic artery
paired branches of the abdominal aorta
- L&R suprarenal artery
- L&R renal artery
- L&R gonadal artery
