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A+P 2 > Lab Quiz 2 - Blood > Flashcards

Lab Quiz 2 - Blood Flashcards

1
Q
  • about 55% of blood by volume
  • composed mainly of proteins dissolved in serum
  • about 92% water and 8% proteins and other molecules (nutrients, hormones, gases, electrolytes)
A

plasma

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2
Q
  • makes up about 60% of plasma
  • maintains osmotic pressure in capillaries
  • carries other molecules throughout the blood
A

albumin

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3
Q
  • consists of transport binding proteins and some types of antibodies
  • makes up about 36% of plasma
A

globulin

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4
Q
  • responsible for forming blood clots
  • makes up about 4% of blood plasma
A

fibrinogen

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5
Q
  • formed elements that make up approx 45% of blood by volume
  • 4-6 million/uL
  • small biconcave disks that are anucleated
  • bags of hemoglobin that function to carry oxygen throughout the circulatory system to the tissues
  • formed by hematopoeisis in the red bone marrow and last about 120 days before being recycled
A

erythrocytes (red blood cells)

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6
Q
  • 150,000-360,000uL
  • fragments of megakaryocytes
  • essential for proper clotting at the site of a wound
  • short lived, last about 10 days
A

platelets

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7
Q

too few RBCs in the blood lead to

A

tissue hypoxia

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8
Q

too many erythrocytes can lead to

A

too viscous blood

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9
Q

hematopoiesis is stimulated via

A

erythropoetin

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10
Q

after a hemocytoblast is committed, what is it known as?

A

proerythroblast

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11
Q

steps to blood clotting

A
  1. vascular spasm: smooth muscle contracts, causing vasoconstriction
  2. platelet plug formation: injury to the endothelium lining exposes the underlying collagen fibers, platelets adhere
  3. platelets release chemicals that make nearby platelets sticky, platelet plug forms
  4. coagulation: fibrin proteins form a mesh that traps RBCs and platelets, forming the clot
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12
Q

a reduction of the delivery of the oxygen to tissues caused either by having too few RBC or not enough hemoglobin in the circulating blood

A

anemia

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13
Q

an abnormally high density of RBC, can lead to an overexertion of the heart and vessel clogging

A

polycythemia

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14
Q

the percentage of blood volume that is RBC

A

hematocrit

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15
Q

what is the typical hematocrit range for males

A

44-52%

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16
Q

what is the typical hematocrit range for females?

A

38-48%

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17
Q

how do we calculate hematocrit from a capillary tube?

A

(length of RBC column in cm) / (length of all liquid in the in cm)

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18
Q

how do we compute the percent of white blood cells?

A

(# observed / #total number counted) x 100

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19
Q

a positive test for a blood type will show what

A

agglutination of cells in that area of the blood typing card

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20
Q
  • Rh antigen present on red blood cell
  • 85%
21
Q
  • Rh antigen not present on RBC
  • 15%
22
Q

has an A antigen on RBC and a B antibody in plasma

A

type A blood

23
Q

has B antigen on RBC and A antibody in plasma

A

type B blood

24
Q

has an A and B antigen on RBC and no antibodies in plasma

A

type AB blood

25
has neither antigen on RBC and both antibodies in plasma
type O blood
26
if blood types don't match, what occurs?
agglutination, which can cause hemolysis and possibly death
27
* truly cells, less than 1% of blood by volume * ~5000-10,000/uL
white blood cells
28
when hormones and other stressors can stimulate their production in the bone marrow
leukopoeisis
29
when white blood cells are produced and move out of the blood vessels and eventually to the site of an immune response
diapedesis
30
* low white blood cell count * could be caused by autoimmune disease, severe stress, cancer treatment, or bone marrow deficiency
leukopenia
31
* high white blood cell count * could be caused by infection, inflammatory disease, leukemia, mononucleoiss
leukocytosis
32
a category of leukocytes with multi-lobed nuclei and contain cytoplasmic granules
granulocytes
33
granulocytic leukocytes
* neutrophils * eosinophils * basophils
34
* most abundant white blood cell * 50-70% * nucleus has between 3-5 lobes
neutrophils
35
* 1-4% of WBC * nucleus often bi-loved or figure 8 shaped * cytoplasm dyes red in presence of the dye eosin
eosinophils
36
* <1% of WBC * large U or S shaped nucleus stains blue in presence of basic dyes * can release histamine and heparin
basophils
37
* more abundant in lymphoid tissue than in blood * contain no granules in their cytoplasm, and their nuclei are less normal in shape
agranulocytes
38
agranulocytic leukocytes
* lymphocytes * monocytes
39
* 20%-30% of WBC * smallest WBC * nucleus is genrally spherical * consists of T cells and B cells
lymphocytes
40
contact killing of viruses
T-cell lymphocytes
41
produce antibodies
B-cell lymphocytes
42
* 3-8% of WBC * largest of WBC * nucelus is generally kidney shaped * a voracious phagocyte that acts in long-term cleanup of chronic infections (i.e. mononucleosis)
monocytes
43
what are the most abundant leukocytes to least
1. neutrophils 2. lymphocytes 3. monocytes 4. eosinophils 5. basophils
44
what is the clinical significance of an increase in neutrophils
may indicate an acute bacterial infection such as appendicitis
45
what is the clinical signifcance of increased eosinophils
increased eosinophils may indicate allergic conditions or parasitic infections (trichinosis)
46
what is the clinical significance of basophils?
* release histamine to promote inflammation and also heparin to prevent clotting * very important to the immune response
47
which lymphocyte is more effective against bacteria
B-cells
48
what is the clinical significance of increased lymphocytes
increased amounts seen with almost all general responses, for example, viral infections, antibody antigen reactions, and infectious mononucleosis
49

A+P 2 (21 decks)

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