Lab Quiz 4 - Blood Pressure and Electrical Conduction Flashcards
1
A
autorhythmic cells
2
Q
- also known as the pacemaker
- depolarizes at a rate of 80-100 times per minute and sets the resting heart rate of aobut 75bpm
A
sinoatrial (SA) node)
3
Q
true or false: not every depolarization of the SA node leads to a heart beat
A
true
4
Q
components of the intrinsic conduction system
A
- sinoatrial (SA) nnode
- atrioventricular (AV) node
- AV bundle (Bundle of HIS)
- Punkinje fibers
5
Q
splits into left and right bundle branches
A
AV bundle (bundle of HIS)
6
Q
steps to intrinsic conduction
A
- sinoatrial (SA) node (pacemaker) generates impulses
- impulses pause (0.1s) at the atrioventricular (AV) node
- atrioventricular (AV) bundle connects atria to ventricles
- bundle branches conduct the impuleses through the interventricular septum
- the purkinje fibers depolarize the contractile cells of both ventricles
7
Q
in order to see if the valves and pumps of the heart are working correctly, you need to
A
auscultate
8
Q
indicates depolarization of atria immediately before atrial contraction
A
p wave
9
Q
precedes ventricular contraction, signals ventricular depolarization
A
QRS complex
10
Q
signifies repolarization of ventricles
A
T wave
11
Q
- represents the time between atrial and ventricular depolarization
- 0.12-0.2s
A
PR interval
12
Q
what might a PR interval that is too long indicate
A
AV node damage
13
Q
when the atria and ventricles beat independently of one another
A
total heart block
14
Q
- represents the period between ventricular depolarization to ventricular repolarization
- 0.28-0.4s
A
QT interval
15
Q
what happens to the QT interval if heart rate increases
A
QT interval becomes shorter
16
Q
what happens to the QT interval when heart rate decreases
A
QT inteval becomes longer
17
Q
- the time it takes for one complete cycle
- 0.8s
A
RR interval
18
Q
when the atria are contracting, should be isoelectric
A
PQ segment
19
Q
when the ventricles are contracting, should be isoelectric
A
ST segment
20
Q
- HR >100bpm
- can lead to fibrillation if sustained over long periods
A
tachycardia
21
Q
chambers contracting
A
systole
22
Q
chambers relaxing
A
diastole
23
Q
- HR < 60 bpm
- good in conditioned athletes, otherwise can lead to O2 deprivation of the brain
A
bradycardia
24
Q
uncoordinated contraction of the chambers of the heart
A
fibrillation
25
no contraction of the chambers of the heart
asystole
26
what area are we auscultating when we are **auscultating the 2nd right intercostal space**
aortic area
27
what area are we auscultating when we are **auscultating the 2nd left intercostal space**
pulmonic area
28
what area are we auscultating when we are **auscultating the lower left sternal border**
tricuspid valve area
29
what area are we auscultating when we are **auscultating the apex of the heart**
mitral (bicuspid) valve area
30
the pressure exerted by blood against any unit area of the blood vessel wall and is usually measured in the arteries
blood pressure
31
* one beat of the heart
* takes ~0.8s
cardiac cycle
32
phases of the cardiac cycle
* ventricle filling / atrial systole
* ventricle systole (isometric and ejection phases)
* ventricular diastole
33
what is a normal cardiac output
4,000-6,000 mL/min
34
* = SV (stroke volume) x HR (heart rate)
* a measure of flow rate (mL/min)
cardiac output
35
= systolic BP - diastolic BP
pulse pressure (PP)
36
= pulse pressure x 1.7
stroke volume
37
* sound of mitral valve closing at the beginning of systole
* soft/absent because the mitral valve doesn't completely close
S1 heart sound
38
* beginning of diastole when aortic and pulmonary valves close
S2 heart sound
39
normal heart sounds consist of which heart sounds
S1 and S2
40
* early diastole when ventricle is dilated and filling
* can be normal in children or a sign of ventricular dysfunction in adults
S3 heart sound
41
* end of diastole
* caused by ventricular filling and atrial contraction
* absent in atrial fibrillation [AFib]
S4 heart sound
42
* ventricular contraction
* top number
systolic bp
43
* ventricular relaxation
* bottom number
diastolic bp
44
superficial pulse points
* superficial temporal artery
* facial artery
* common carotid artery
* brachial artery
* radial artery
* femoral artery
* popliteal artery
* posterior tibial artery
* dorsalis pedis artery
45
systolic bp < 120
diastolic bp < 80
normal blood pressure
46
systolic bp: 120-129
diastolic bp: < 80
elevated blood pressure
47
systolic bp: 130-139
or
diastolic bp: 80-89
stage 1 of hypertension
48
systolic bp: 140 or HIGHER
or
diastolic bp: 90 or HIGHER
stage 2 of hypertension
49
systolic bp: > 180
and/or
diastolic bp: > 120
hypertensive crisis
50
* the RR interval of the pause is equal to the two preceding RR intervals
* almost always located in the AV node, meaning QRS duration is usually narrow
1st degree heart block
51
* typically occurs in individuals with structural heart disease, w/ or w/o heart failure, and ischemic coronary artery disease
* a type of arrythmia that occurs when the electrical signal that controls the heartbeat starts from an unusual location in the upper chambers (atria) adn rapidly repeats, causing the atria to beat too quickly
atrial tachycardia (AT or ATach)
52
* ventricles are rapidly generating their own abnormal beats
* patient iwll need to be shocked if they are unresponsive
* occurs when ventricles beat too fast to pump well and the body doesn't receive enough oxygenated blood
* 170+ bpm
ventricular tachycardia (VT or VTach)
53
sounds created by the release of blood as the blood pressure cuff loosens
sounds of Korotkoff
54
* systolic bp
* tapping sound when cuff pressure is 110-120 mmHg
1st korotkoff sound
55
* when the sound of the pulse disappears
* diastolic bp
5th korotkoff sound
56
* a type of irregular heart beat in which the heart chambers contract in a very rapid and uncoordinated manner
* the heart doesn't pump blood to the rest of the body
* 300bpm
* very disorganized
* no P or QRS waves
* patient needs to be defibrillated immediately
ventricular fibrillation (VFib)
57
* 0 bpm
* CPR asap
* heart's electrical system fails entirely, which causes your heart to stop pumping
* "flat lining"
* NOT SHOCKABLE
asystole
58
* elevated ST segment (that should be isoelectric)
* normal heart rate
* a type of severe heart attack caused by a complete blockage of a coronary artery
* extremely serious and can be life threatening
(STEMI) myocardial infarction
59
usually results from severe coronary artery narrowing, transient occlusion, or microembolization of thrombus and/or artheromatoous material
NSTEMI myocardial infarction
60
sound made when AV valves close
LUB
61
sound made when semilunar valves close
DUP
62
heard as swishing or screeching sounds
murmurs
