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A+P 2 > Lab 9: Reproductive Anatomy > Flashcards

Lab 9: Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q
  • walls of the endometrium are sloughed off during menses
  • slightly elevated levels of FSH early in the cycle cause the beginning of follicle formation
  • levels of estrogen and progesterone are low
A

days 1-5 of menstrual cycle

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2
Q

developing follicle secretes increased amounts of estrogen and progesterone that promote the thickening of the endometrial wall

A

proliferative phase

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3
Q

what hormone surges and promotes ovulation around day 14 of the cycle

A

lutenizing hormone (LH)

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4
Q
  • proliferative phase
  • a day or two before ovulation, there is an LH surge that promotes ovulation around day 14 of the cycle
A

day 6-14 of the menstural cycle

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5
Q
  • LH aids in conversion of ruptured follicle into corpus luteum, which secretes high levels of estrogen and progesterone
  • the increased levels of steroids cause the secretory phase of the uterine cycle
  • menstruation begins again on day 28 (or around)
A

days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle

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6
Q

triggers ovulation, regulates development of corpus luteum

A

lutenizing hormone (LH)

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7
Q

which two hormones regulate the development of a follicle

A

FSH and LH

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8
Q

stimulates follicle development

A

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

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9
Q
  • diploid
  • produced by oogonia through mitosis
  • arrested in prophase of meiosis I
A

primary oocyte

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10
Q

result from completion of meiosis during each ovarian cycle

A

secondary oocyte and polar body

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11
Q
  • meiosis II occurs
  • secondary oocyte divides to create an ovum and more polar bodies (unduplicated chromosomes)
  • polar bodies atrophy, ovum ready for fertilization
A

fertilization

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12
Q

primary male sexual hormone that determines secondary sexual characteristics and to some extent also male sexual behavior

A

testosterone

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13
Q

the more testosterone that is present in the blood, the (more/less) GnRH that is released from the hypothallamus

A

less

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14
Q

role of LH in the physiology of male reproduction

A

stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone

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15
Q

role of FSH in the physiology of male reproduction

A

binds primarily to Sertoli and germ cells and causes spermatogenesis in teh seminiferous tubules

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16
Q
  • diploid
  • cell replicates its DNA then divides during Meiosis I to form the two secondary spermatocytes
A

primary spermatocyte

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17
Q

2 secondary spermatocytes are formed and undergo the second meiotic division resulting in

A

4 haploid spermatids

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18
Q

spermatids are stored in where to mature into spermatozoa

A

epididymis

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19
Q

what are the main reproductive systems of the male reproductive system

A

testes

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20
Q

testes are contained within what outside the abdominal cavity

A

scrotal sac

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21
Q

scrotal sac is controlled by which two muscles

A
  • cremaster (skeletal)
  • dartos (smooth)
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22
Q

draws the scrotal sac upward

A

cremaster

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23
Q

causes the skin to wrinkle and contract decreasing surface area

A

dartos

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24
Q

a mass of coiled up tubules on thhe posterior surface of the testes that stores immature sperm cells until they are ready for ejaculation

A

epididymis

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25
carry immature sperm into the epididymis where they are stored and matured
efferent ductules
26
what leads into the efferent ductules
rete testes
27
fibrous sheath of tissue encasing each testis and divides into septa
tunica albuginea
28
makes compartments where the seminiferous tubules lay
septa
29
background tissue of the ovary
stroma
30
often seen on the periphery of the ovary
primordial follicles
31
contains the primary oocyte
primary follicles
32
a second follicle that forms around the primary follicle
secondary follicle
33
seen after ovulation as a flattened disk of follicle cells, secretes progesterone
corpus luteum
34
what happens to the corpus luteum if no pregnancy occurs
becomes corpus albicans and disappears
35
* surrounds vestibule * pair of thin, longitudinal skin folds * folds unite and form a prepuce over the clitoris anteriorly
labia minora
36
region into which the urethra and the vagina open
vestibule
37
role of the labia majora and mons pubis
protect deeper structures of the vestibule
38
rounded folds of skin that cover the area of the vestibule
labia majora
39
a swelling over the area of the pubic symphysis
mons pubis
40
a mucous membrane covering that lines the free surface of the uterus and is the site of embryo implantation
endometrium
41
contains layers of smooth muscle that contract during childbirth (also during menstruation)
myometrium
42
serous membrane covering the upper half of the uterus (parietal peritoneum)
perimetirum
43
3 major areas of the uterus
* fundus * body * cervix
44
uterine tubes enter superiorly into which region
fundus
45
in which region (not tissue) of the uterus does the embryo implant
body
46
region between the uterus and the vagina
cervix
47
* muscular tube 4-6" long * separate from the urethral opening, as it lies posteriorly
vagina
48
finger-like projections which help guide the egg into the oviduct
fimbriae
49
extend laterally from the uterus and runs for about 10cm upward and laterally to where it folds over and terminates into a funnel shaped infundibulum, which surrounds the ovary
uterine/fallopian tubes
50
* site of ova storage * not attached to uterine tubes directly * eggs develop in a follicle under control of FSH and LH * follicle erupts at ovulation and expels egg into oviduct * follicular cells become corpus luteum
ovaries
51
produces varying levels of estrogen and progesterone throughout the menstural cycle
corpus luteum
52
parts of the sperm
* head * midpiece * tail
53
contains DNA and acrosome
head of sperm
54
digestive enzymes for penetrating the outer covering of the egg
acrosome
55
contains numerous mitochondria to provide energy for the tail
midpiece of the sperm
56
sperm producing; numerous tubes seen in cross sections of testicular cells
seminiferous tubules
57
* small clusters in between seminferous tubules * produce testosterone
interstitial (Leydig) cells
58
propulsion of sperm and glandular secretions are accomplished by
rhythmic smooth muscle contraction that occurs during orgasm
59
* about 60% of secretions * produces and secretes a fructose medium, which nourishes the sperm on their journey, also clotting enzymes and prostaglandins
seminal vesicle
60
* about 30% of secretions * secretes a milky alkaline substance that helps to activate sperm. also fibrinolysin
prostate gland
61
* about 5% of secretions * secretes a thick mucous-like alkaline substance that helps neutralize the acidity in the urethral and vaginal region so that sperm survive
bulbourethral (Cowper's) glands
62
travels up through the spermatic cord and enters the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal
ductus deferens
63
parts of the urethra (in order) of the male reproductive system
prostatic urethra --> membranous urethra --> penile urethra
64
conjuction between the reproductive and urinary systems in males
prostate gland
65
seminal vesicle joins ductus deferens and becomes
common ejaculatory duct
66
at birth, the glans penis is covered by a double fold of skin known as ... which is usually removed from circumcision shortly after birth
prepuce
67
corpus spongiosum expands forward and forms ..., which is a highly innervated region that becomes very sensitive during sexual arousal and during intercourse
glans penis
68
blood vessels entering the penis are innervated by
parasympathetic nerves
69
during sexual arousal, these are flooded with blood and cause the penis to become erect
erectile tissue (2 corpus cavernosa and corpus spongiosum)

A+P 2 (21 decks)

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