Chapter 19 (Lecture) Flashcards
hardening of the arteries
arteriosclerosis
deposition of material in the walls of arteries to form plaques
atherosclerosis
causes of atherosclerosis
wearing out over time, pathological due to smoking, high cholesterol, fat consumption, autoimmune disease, genetics
- made up of endothelia and a basement membrane of CT
- blood flows smoothly along this layer
tunica intima
- the middle layer, contains smooth muscle arranged circularly for regulating blood flow
- can be regulated to constrict or dilate the lumen
- supplied with sympathetic nerve endings (exception being clitoris and penis)
tunica media
decreases blood supply
vasoconstriction
increases blood supply
vasodilation
- have thicker walls than veins due to more smooth muscle
- carry blood away from the heart
- have more elasticity
arteries
classes of arteries
- elastic
- muscular
- arterioles
blood containing space of the blood vessel
lumen
a system of tiny blood vessels that nourish the more external tissues of the blood vessel wall
vasa vasorum
the volume of blood flowing through a vessel or organ
blood flow
the force per unit area that blood exerts on a vessel
blood pressure
- opposition to flow in a blood vessel
- most important effector of both blood pressure and flow
resistance
change in blood pressure / resistance
blood flow equation
factors that impact flow and pressure
- blood viscosity
- blood vessel length
- blood vessel diameter
how to calculate blood vessel diameter
R = 1/(r)^4
what anastamose to form brachocephalics
subclavians and internal jugulars
supplies the ascending the transverse colons, and most of the small intestine
superior mesenteric artery
supplies the descending and sigmoid colons and rectum
inferior mesenteric artery
paired branches of the abdominal aorta
- renal
- suprarenal
- gonadal
- iliacs
unpaired branches of the abnominal aorta
- celiac trunk
- mesenteric
composed of blood from two different sources: internal carotids and vertebrals
circle of willis
all systemic arteries can be traced back to
the left ventricle