Kevin's Cards about Spanish Texas Era Flashcards
Assimilate Definition
To practice the ways of another culture
Buffer Definition
Person or power who acts to lessen tension or bad feelings between other people or powers
Clergy Definition
People given the power to lead religious services
Ethnic Definition
Relating to a group of people who share common culture, religion, or language
Mestizo Definition
Person of mixed European and American Indian heritage or descent
Mission Definition
A settlement of a religious order in the New World in which faith and culture could be shared with American Indians
Nomadic Definition
Relating to a person who moves from place to place in search of food
Patronized Definition
Visited frequently
Presidio Definition
A type of building that protected a mission
Religious Order Definition
A group of men or women within a particular religion who live according to vows, such as giving up personal possessions
Self Sufficient Definition
Able to provide for yourself independent of others’ help
What was the first step in colonizing Texas
Presidios and Missions
What was the first Spanish Settlement
Corpus Christi de la Ysleta in 1682 near present day El Paso, among the Tigua People
Which 2 people established the mission San Francisco de los Tejas in 1690
Alonzo de Leon and Father Damian Massanet near modern day Crockett, demonstrating Spain’s claim to East Texas
The Spaniards first became friends with which group
The Caddos
What did the Spaniards call the Caddo
“The Tejas”
Where did the name Tejas come from
The Caddo word for friend giving us the modern word Texas
In 1711, who established 6 missions and 1 presidios
In 1711, Father Hidalgo, a Spanish priest, and St. Denis, a Frenchman from Louisiana, established 6 missions and a presidio in East Texas
What did the French hope to establish
The French hoped to established trade between Louisiana and East Texas
What was declared the capital of Tejas and why
Los Adaes, near the Louisiana border, was declared the capital of Tejas, so Spain could keep an eye on French Louisiana
By 1719, what was happening with Spain and France
France and Spain were at war
What was the little episode when the French tried to raid Los Adaes called
“The Chicken War”
When did the French war end and what was the outcome
The French war ended in 1721, and Spain looked to regain control over east TX
What is the purpose of establishing Missions
To spread Christianity
What did De Leon want the missions to have
A military and Presidios to intimidate and protect the Caddo people which the Hasinai were apart of
What did Massanet Believe about the missions
He believed that the missions only needed the word of God for protection, he also believed that having a large number of soldiers would go against the peaceful goal of the journey
Who did the Leaders of New Spain agree with
Massanet, this is because this meant that the costs would be smaller
Why was the year 1821 important to Texas
The Mexican War of Independence freed Mexico and Texas from Spanish Control
When did the Revolutionary War End
1783
What happened in 1810
Mexico declared its independence from Spain
Why did more Americans move to the West
In search of land and opportunities. It was Revolutionary War with the movement of settlers west, that Texas saw the birth of the cattle drives
What happened at the end of the Era
Fewer Indian attacks on the region, Spain gave its portion of Louisiana back to France, Border disputes following the Louisiana Purchase, Confusion over who was in charge, and Spanish government wouldn’t let migration to Texas
What were some Spanish Influences
Names of streets and geographical features, names and types of foods and drinks, art, horses, and architecture
Architecture is a Spanish what on Texas
Influence
What skills did the the Spanish missionaries teach the American Indians in an effort to make them civilized
To make clothes, grow crops, agriculture, and blacksmithing, carpentry, masonry, and weaving
What happened to the remaining priests and soldiers
They were taken back to New Spain in 1694
What was the purpose of the mission and presidio system
the 3 C’s: Christianity, Citizens, and to Colonize
What did the Hasinai want in exchange for living in the mission
Protection
What did Teran and his men find when they reached the Mission
Ruins
What type of lifestyle did the Spanish teach the Indians to become civilized
Agricultural Lifestyles
How was the daily life in a mission
It was very structured, prayed 3 times, children went to school in the morning and then worked later in the day
What was the first period of retrenchment
Failure of Mission San Francisco de los Tejas
What happened from 1701-1720
Wars in Europe damages Spain’s growth in America
What happened from 1731-1745
Apache raids and poor military
Retrenchment Definition (Synonym)
Cutbacks (to make cutbacks by spending less money and resources that promote certain goals)
Why do you think the Spanish worked so hard to make peace with American Indians in the area
The Spanish were afraid that if they didn’t make peace, they would lose their missions. There was also a little chance for settlers if there wasn’t peaceful relationships
How did alliances and rivalries among the major American Indians tribes help the Spanish
The Spanish realized it was pointless to try to be friends with the Apache and understood that the Comanche would be better allies. The Spanish were then able to use the alliances and rivalries to their advantage
How did alliances and rivalries among major American Indian tribes in the region ( Hasinai, Comanche, Apache, and Karankawa) hurt the Spanish
Their alliances and rivalries hurt the Spanish when they tried to be friends with everyone. Instead, they ended up angering everyone
Why would wars and other events in Europe have any impact on what was going on in Texas
England, Spain, and France are all European countries that had colonies in the Americas in and around Texas. The governments of these countries controlled their colonies in the Americas. Therefore, any major political disagreements between the governments of those countries in Europe would have an impact on the ways their colonies were run.
Which came first, the Louisiana Purchase, or the establishment of San Saba
The establishment of San Saba
What event occurred in 1682
The Spanish built the mission of Corpus Christi de la Ysleta
Who established the oldest permanent settlement and when
The Spanish in 1565 (in North America at St. Augustine, Florida, in 1565)
In the 1800s what was the Spanish control over Texas like
It was very weak
Which two groups of Indians controlled Texas
Comanche and the Apache
Who raided Spanish ships in the Gulf
Pirates
When did America purchase Louisiana
In 1803
What did some people argue about during the Louisiana Purchase
Some argued that Texas was apart of the deal
Filibuster Definition
A person in warfare against a foreign country without permission
Who was the General in the Battle of Medina and who won
Spanish General Arrendondo’s army soundly defeated the rebels
What is known as the bloodiest/deadliest battle fought on Texas soil
The Battle of Medina
Who is known as the mother of Texas
Jane Long
What kept Spanish Texas from directly being involved in the American Revolution
Spanish Texas didn’t have enough soldiers, and their land wasn’t good enough to grow crops to feed both their citizens and the soldiers
Why did Spain eventually reopen the Mouth of the Mississippi River
In order to avoid conflict and possible war with the U.S
Why was Spain reluctant to allow immigrants from the United States to settle in Spanish Texas
Spain feared that these immigrants would encourage revolutionary feelings among other settlers
What was the first event that involved Great Britain
The first event that involved British colonies and impacted Spanish Texas was the French and Indian War
How long was the French and Indian War
1754–1763
Spain is an ally of who
France
What was the result of the French and Indian War
The French and Indian War ended in 1763 with Great Britain defeating France and Spain
What Treaty ended the French and Indian War
The Treaty of Paris outlined the terms of peace
What did the Spanish have to give up because of the Treaty of Paris
As part of the treaty, Spain gave Florida to Great Britain
what did Spain get after their loss of Florida
In compensation for this loss, Spain received Louisiana from France. This new ownership of Louisiana impacted life in Spanish Texas. Missions were moved, and greater efforts were made to increase the population.
Why did the Spanish close the Mouth of the Mississippi River
The Spanish saw Americans as potential threats to their land
In 1790 Thomas Jefferson threatened to do what
Start a war over the Mouth of the Mississippi River
What did Spain do in 1799
Spain gave Louisiana back to France
What did France do in 1803
In 1803, Emperor of France Napoleon Bonaparte sold Louisiana to the United States. This deal was called the Louisiana Purchase
What conflict did the Louisiana Purchase bring
Border disputes between the U.S and Spain over Texas
When and where were Moses Austin Born
In Connecticut in 1761
What did Moses Austin see as an opportunity
Spanish Texas decided to let some people immigrate
What did Moses Austin agree with
To only bring Roman Catholic Families
How did Moses Austin make money in Spanish Texas
Austin would make money from the venture by charging a fee for each family he brought to Texas
How did the U.S benefit from Moses’ job
the U.S. would establish a store to sell the new settlers the goods they needed.
What did Moses Austin do in 1820
In 1820, Austin traveled to San Antonio, the capital of Spanish Texas. He asked for permission to settle. Originally, the governor rejected his request. However, before leaving Texas, Austin met an old friend who was also friends with the governor. Austin asked his friend to convince the governor to allow him to follow through with the settlement. The governor said yes and asked other authorities of New Spain to approve the action. While waiting for approval, Austin traveled home. On his way, he contracted pneumonia. Once home, he learned that his proposal had been approved. He spent all his energy organizing the venture. This settlement was not just important to Austin, it would also be a historical event because it would mark the first Anglo-American settlement in Texas. An Anglo-American is an English-speaker with some British heritage.
Moses Austin’s health declined. He begged his wife to ask his son, Stephen Fuller Austin, to continue the venture for him. Stephen agreed. After his father died of pneumonia, Stephen Austin traveled to Louisiana to meet with Spanish authorities concerning the settlement.
How did the United States become a potential threat to Spanish control of its colonies
When the United States acquired Louisiana in 1803, Spain and the United States shared a very long border on the frontier of both territories. Spain was now competing with the United States for land and control. The United States even claimed part of New Spain (Texas) as part of the Louisiana Territory.
Why did filibusters fight against Spanish rule in Texas
Filibusters were interested in their own personal and financial gain. Many thought an independent Mexico—if not an independent Texas—would be better for them
Why was the Neutral Ground Agreement established
The United States and Spain could not decide where the border between the two territories should be. They agreed to a neutral area until they could negotiate where the border should be
How did class play a role in the developing unrest in Mexico
The majority of the population in Mexico was not part of the upper class. They did not think it was fair that they did not have as much power. The lower classes began to revolt against the power structure that prevented them from having a say in their government
Why was the Battle of Medina significant
The Battle of Medina was where the filibusters were badly defeated. Spain asserted its control over Texas using military might.
How did José Bernardo Gutiérrez de Lara contribute to the struggle for Mexican independence from Spain?
He helped gather more troops and won several battles against the Spanish as they marched across Texas. In April 1813, Gutiérrez proclaimed independence and became president of the provisional government.
Ally Definition
A person, group, or nation that is associated with others for some common cause or purpose
Anglo-American Definition
An English-speaking person with some British heritage
French and Indian War Definition
The war between France and Great Britain that lasted from 1754–1763 in North America
Mexican War of Independence Definition
The war between Mexico and the Spanish colonies, which started in 1810 and ended in 1821
Revolutionary Definition
Supporting political change
How has the Catholic faith of the Spanish influenced Texas
The architecture of missions and presidios has influenced architectural styles in Texas. In addition, artwork depicting saints and other religious images became part of TX culture
Where do some Spanish words come from
The Nahuatl Language
Anglicized Definition
Made to sound English
Legacy Definition
A tradition passed down from one generation or group of people to the next
Loanword Definition
A word borrowed from another language that becomes a natural part of expression
What is Great river translated in Spanish
Rio Grande
What is The Pass translated in Spanish
El Paso
What is Sauce translated in Spanish
Salsa
What is Estate or Plantation translated in Spanish
Hacienda
What is a Texan with Mexican descent
Tejano
How many years did Spain rule Texas
131 years
What were Spanish explorers first major impact
Documentation
Did the Spanish change Agriculture
Yes
When the Spanish arrived who was the only group that had significant agricultural skills
The Hasinai
Documentation Definition
Detailed written accounts of experiences
Till Definition
To prepare land in order to grow crops
What were some of the agricultural impacts the Spanish made in Texas
The Spanish brought livestock and ranching techniques, as well as horses. They also taught the American Indians trade skills like blacksmithing, weaving, carpentry, masonry, and cattle and ranching technique
What lasting legacy did Spanish missions leave in Texas
Roman Catholicism
