Kevin's Cards about Animal Body Systems Flashcards
What does the phrase “form follows function mean”
The way the body is formed, or structured, determines the way the body functions
How do oxygen and carbon dioxide play a role in cellular respiration
Organisms use oxygen to break down food into the chemical energy that powers cell processes. Carbon Dioxide gas is a waste product of cellular respiration and is breathed out by the organsim
What body system helps organisms obtain and release gasses for cellular respiration
The respiratory system helps organisms obtain and release gasses for cellular respiration
Cellular Respiration Definition
The process used by cells to make energy from nutrients and oxygen
Circulatory System Definition
The body system that transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products to and away from the body cells
Digestion Definition
The process of breaking down food into nutrients that cells can use
Digestive System Definition
The body system that carries out digestion
Respiratory System Definition
The body system responsible for the exchange of gases with the environment
How do land animals get their oxygen
Land animals get their oxygen by inhaling air into their lungs and absorbing the needed oxygen
How do Aquatic Organisms get their oxygen
Aquatic Animals obtain oxygen by taking dissolved oxygen in the water into their gills
Animals need what to carry out the functions of living
Energy
Animals have to do what to get the nutrients
their cells need to make energy
Eat
What would happen if there was no more oxygen
Our brain cells would die off, body systems would shut down, and we would soon die.
Why do organisms need oxygen
Animals and plants need to take in oxygen in order to carry out cellular respiration
How do plants obtain oxygen for cellular respiration
Land and aquatic plants have tiny pores in their leaves that absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide. Land plants get their oxygen from the surrounding air, while aquatic plants absorb dissolved oxygen from the water, they live in. Note that this cellular respiration process is different than photosynthesis. You may recall from a previous lesson that plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen through photosynthesis. Plants need both processes to live. In fact, plants can perform the processes of cell respiration and photosynthesis at the same time
Which 2 systems circulatory systems to get cells the materials they need to make energy
The respiratory system and digestive system work with the circulatory system to get cells the materials they need to make energy. The circulatory system is the transportation system of the body. It delivers oxygen and nutrients to the body’s cells and carries away waste products, such as carbon dioxide.
Getting rid of waste is the job of system
Excretory System
What is the only organ that can float
Lungs
Which animals obtain oxygen and release carbon dioxide through lungs
Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, and Adult Amphibians
Why is water so essential for amphibians
Amphibians are born and reproduce in the water, and water keeps their skin moist, which is necessary for breathing
Explain how an amphibian leads a double life
Amphibians start out living in water then as adults live on land and depend on lungs and moist skin to breathe
How do fish spines work
They move side to side
How do mammal spines work
They move up and down
What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary responses to stimuli
In a voluntary responses you must think to do your actions while involuntary responses are responses that happen naturally
What does your brain do with information from your nerves
Your brain uses the information received from your nerves to coordinate all your actions and reactions
What is the function of neurons
Neurons are nerve cells that send messages back and forth throughout your body via electrical impulses
What is the difference between the autonomic and somatic processes of your nervous system
Autonomic are with thinking and somatic is thinking
Why is your tongue more sensitive to heat than the heel of your foot
The tongue has more nerve receptors
Nervous System Definition
An organ system that receives information from the environment and coordinates a response
Stimulus Definition
Any change or signal in the environment that can make an organism react in some way
Response Definition
An action or change in behavior that occurs as a result of a stimulus
Neuron Definition
A cell that carries information through the nervous system
Impulse Definition
An electrical message that carries information in the nervous system
Sensory Neuron Definition
A neuron that picks up stimuli from the internal and external environment and converts each stimulus into a nerve impulse
Interneuron Definition
A neuron that carries nerve impulses from one neuron to another
Motor Neuron Definition
A neuron that sends an impulse to a muscle or gland, causing the muscle or gland to react
What is the nervous system made up of
Brain, spinal cord, and nerves
What are the Neurotransmitters
They are chemicals that help signals go from neuron to neuron
How is the process of spreading information in cells like
To send information between cells with gaps the electrical pulse in the cell releases chemicals that carry that impulse to the next cell. These chemicals are Neurotransmitters
What are the 2 ways the nervous system work
Autonomic and Somatic
Autonomic Definition
The Autonomic nervous system handles all things that see to happen on their own
Somatic Definition
The Somatic nervous system controls voluntary actions
How does a reflex happen
It happens without your brain’s help
Which 2 features are found in complex nervous systems of humans and other vertebrates
The most complex systems have a nerve cord and a brain
Describe the nervous systems of cnidarians
A cnidarian’s nervous system is called a nerve net
What is a cnidarian’s nervous system made up of
It consists of neurons arranged like a net. There are no specialized neurons, so a stimulus to one neuron sends impulses in all directions
What is a planarians nerve system like
A planarians nervous system includes nerve cords and eye spots
Other than vertebrates, which other animal groups have a complex nervous system with a brain and specialized neurons
Arthropods and mollusks have nervous systems that include brains
How would someone’s memory be affected if they suffered damage to their left cerebral hemisphere
This can cause someone to have poor short-term memory, but normal long-term memory
Brain Definition
An organized group of neurons in the head of an animal with bilateral symmetry
Different parts of the brain respond to what
Different stimuli
