Kevin's Cards about American Indians Flashcards
Who were the first people to come to Texas
Paleo-Indians
How did the lives of American Indians change about 1,500 years ago
Their was an agricultural revolution that brought about more farming, pottery, and other important developments for some groups. American Indians established more permanent settlements
How did the reliance of big game affect the settlements of Paleo-Indians
Their settlements had to be temporary and easily moved in order to follow herds of big game
How does the Caddo religion sound like other religions
The Caddos had a monotheistic religion which means they worshipped one god
How is the way of life of the Apaches different than that of the Jumanos
The Apaches were mostly nomadic and followed herds of buffalo while the Jumanos lived in more settled communities and relied on agriculture
Paleo-Indians hunted what
They hunted Mammoths and bison (Big Game)
Pictograph Definition
Prehistoric drawings that represent ideas through pictures—found on caves and rock shelters on the Pecos River tell archaeologists about the lives of these American Indians
Archeologist Definition
A person who studies objects from past civilizations
When did the Agricultural Revolution start
1,500 years ago or AD 500
The Caddos adopted what
Farming 1,300 years ago
The Caddo society was what
Matrilineal
Matrilineal Definition
The family name was passed down through the mother’s side
What is gender of the Caddo Chief
It is a male
What did the Caddo Chief do
He served as the religious leader and was in charge of the temple
Who built the Caddo temples
Temples were built by the community on large earthen mounds.
Where did the Atakapans live
In Southeast Texas
What were the Atakapans way of life
These people mainly hunted, fished, and gathered plants.
What was the Atakapans’ social structure
They consisted of small nomadic groups
How did the Atakapans nomadic groups work
Each nomadic group had a person in charge, there was no higher ruler that brought the groups together. They therefore remained separate.
Where did the Karankawas live
In the Gulf Coast Area
What does the name Karankawas mean
Dog lovers or Dog raisers since they kept dogs similar to coyotes as pets
Where is the Gulf Coast area located
This area stretches from Galveston Bay to Corpus Christi Bay
What were the Karankawas way of life
This group did not practice any form of agriculture. Hunting, fishing, and gathering were their main means of survival.
How were the Karankawas arranged socially
Socially, the Karankawa were arranged into small family-based groups. Men and brides’ parents arranged marriages. Marriages were typically between different bands or family groups. After marriage, the couple would live with the husband’s family.
Who did the Karankawas believe in spiritually
Spiritually, the Karankawa believed in two gods. The group’s shamans were people who served as intermediaries between the people and the gods. These shamans also healed people and were thought to be able to predict the future. In addition, shamans helped conduct ceremonies of thanksgiving after successful days of hunting or fishing. These ceremonies were attended only by men. Women did not have many rights in this society and served in traditional roles such as cooking and caretaking.
What are the Coahuiltecans way of life
The Coahuiltecans were a hunting and gathering group that lived in southern Texas
What was the religion and government of each small group in Coahuiltecans
Each group had shamans and political leaders. This group practiced a polytheistic religion. In a polytheistic religion, people believe in many gods rather than only one.
What did Coahuiltecans spend most of their time doing
Searching for food
What are the Coahuiltecans main sources of food
Deer and javelinas (pronounced “have-uh-LEEN-uh”), a pig-like animal, were the main sources of meat
What are other types of food in the Coahuiltecans diet
Mesquite beans were another staple food. These American Indians also ate any food source their bodies could endure. Spiders, worms, snakes, rotten wood, and deer dung were all food sources.
What was the way of life of the Jumanos
They mainly did agriculture
What animal did Jumanos eat and use
Buffalo
Who did the Jumanos have a strong trade system with
They had a strong trade system between the Caddos in the east and the Pueblo American Indians in New Mexico.
Where did the Jumanos live
They lived in Pueblos
Pueblos Definition
Homes constructed from Adobe brick
What was the Apaches way of life
They practiced some agriculture and gathered edible plants, or plants that may be eaten. However, their main source of food was buffalo. They used almost all parts of the buffalo, including the hides for clothing and shelter.
Apaches built tipis from what
Buffalo Skin
Tipi Definition
Tipis are a type of shelter made from posts and dried animal hides. Tipis are easy to transport and move. ( A cone- shaped tent made of poles)
What was the Apaches movement pattern
For part of the year, the Apache lived near their crops. At other times, they traveled with the buffalo. When it was time to move, tipis could be taken down and set up quickly in a new location
How were the Apaches arranged
By family units
Band Definition
2 or more extended families who live together under 1 leader
Tribe Definition
A number of bands that follow the same leader and share the same territory and culture
What do the Atakapan and Karankawa people have in common
Both groups lived in the Costal Plains, but in different parts. They relied on shellfish and fish, as well as products from the alligator (meat, oil, and hide). Both were known to move around, though they did so for different reasons
What made agriculture hard for Apaches and Jumanos
The arid climate
Where did the Caddos live
In the Piney Woods
Where did the Atakapans and the Karankawas live
Along the Gulf Coast
Where did the Coahuiltecans live
In the South Texas Plains
Where did the Jumanos live
Big Bend County
Where did the Apaches Live
Western Texas
Who were considered the least nomadic group
Jumanos
