ISMS

Question 1

Absolutism

Answer 1

Form of government where the monarch has total control. ex. Peter the Great in Russia or Louis XIV in France.
–Kings had all of the POWER

Question 2

Anarchism

Answer 2

A political theory favoring the abolition of governments

Question 3

Anti-semitism

Answer 3

violent resentment and anger toward Jews, included resentment for Jewish achievements and financial control, created modern political parties to attack and degrade Jews, most oppressive in eastern Europe, violent pogroms in Russia 1881-1882, peasants looted and destroyed Jewish property

Question 4

Capitalism

Answer 4

economic system based on free market, open competition, profit motive and private ownership of the means of production. encourages private investment and businesses. It is the development of Adam Smith’s laissez-faire ideas outlined in his definition of capitalism, ‘An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations’.

Question 5

Colonialism

Answer 5

Closely related to imperialism. the idea that countries should settle their own people (establish colonies) in lands they conquer to manage the economic exploitation of the area and to govern it.

Question 6

Communism

Answer 6

Economic system that puts ALL power in the hands of the government so they can manage it “for the good of the people”. It originates from Marx’s ideas, but it was changed by Russia, with Lenin and his successors who made “communism” that was very similar to Marxism.

Question 7

Conservatism

Answer 7

The idea that all change is BAD, and it should be slowed or fought so it doesn’t happen.
-liked the old ways with KINGS RULING

Question 8

Cubism

Answer 8

Early 20th century art movement, practiced by Picasso and others.

Question 9

Deism

Answer 9

The belief that God exists and created the world but thereafter assumed no control over it or over the lives of people; God is a “watch maker.”

Question 10

Fascism

Answer 10

aka nationalism on steroids
A nationalist system where the state and big business partners eliminate worker rights and any resistance to governmental or corporate power. . Ex: Mussolini in Italy.

Question 11

Feudalism

Answer 11

A hierarchical system of government and agriculture based on private contract. Land, worked by serfs attached to it, was held by vassals in exchange for military service and other duties to lords.

Question 12

Humanism

Answer 12

The intellectual and culture movement that grew out of the study of Greek and Roman literature at the end of the Middle Ages. It was an important factor in the rise of the Renaissance. Characterized by an emphasis on human interests and characteristics rather than the natural world or religion.

Question 13

Imperialism

Answer 13

The desire of a country to take over and exploit foreign lands, usually inhabited by people of different ethnicity or religion. Economic motive is to acquire raw materials.

• Powerful Country controls a weaker one
• -ex: England controls India
• ——Belgium controls Congo

Question 14

Impressionism

Answer 14

French art movement started around 1871 with Monet’s “Impression of the Sunrise” at Salon des Refuses in Paris.

Question 15

Individualism

Answer 15

(Renaissance), stressed personality, uniqueness, genius, and full development of one’s talents and capabilities, quest for glory

Question 16

Liberalism

Answer 16

principal ideas liberty and equality, demanded representative government, equality before the law, freedom of press, speech, assembly, from arbitrary arrest, called for unrestricted private enterprise, no government interference in the economy (laissez-faire)

Question 17

Materialism

Answer 17

The idea that only what is tangible is real. “Everything mental, spiritual or ideal is an outgrowth of physical or physiological forces.” Karl Marx and Thomas Hobbes believed in this.

Question 18

Mercantilism

Answer 18

An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by favoring exporting rather than importing.

Question 19

Nationalism

Answer 19

The idea that people of the same language, religion, ethnicity, or heritage should have their own government on their own land.

Question 20

Naturalism

Answer 20

Literary movement following realism in literature. Demonstrates the determination of human character by the natural and social environment.

Question 21

Pan-Slavism

Answer 21

The idea that Slavic peoples should identify with each other and have their own nation. Heavily promoted by Russia at the end of the 19th century as a way to promote her own imperialistic aspirations in the Balkans.

Question 22

Positivism

Answer 22

Philosophy identified with French philosopher Auguste Comte. Insists on verifiable facts, avoidance of wishful thinking, questioning of all assumptions, dislike of improbable generalizations.

Question 23

Realism

Answer 23

Art and literature movement that followed Romanticism. Closely allied with realpolitik in government. as a philosophy it is a “kind of unrealistic faith in the constructive value struggle and a tough-minded rejection of ideas and ideals.”

Question 24

Republicanism

Answer 24

French idea that a republican form of government is best. Opposed to the monarchists who were scared of the excesses of the Jacobins and their ancestors. Unlike liberals they favor universal suffrage. They are opposed to monarchy of any variety and they are opposed to the catholic church since they think it is the enemy of reason and liberty.

Question 25

Romanticism

Answer 25

Movement in art, music and literature that was a reaction against the classical period. Themes included emotion, supernatural, nationalism, historical themes, nature, true love (often unrequited) and death.

Question 26

Scholasticism

Answer 26

The system of logic, philosophy and theology of medieval university scholars includes the idea of reason and faith can be reconciled. the most famous practicitioner is St. Thomas Aquinas. It is based on the writings of Aristotle and the early Christian fathers.

Question 27

Social Darwinism

Answer 27

The idea that life is a struggle and only the fittest groups of people can survive.

Question 28

Socialism

Answer 28

Idea that the government should manage the economy, or aspects of the economy for the good of the people. These people in the 19th century agreed that workers were unfairly treated, opposed competition as a principle of economic behaviors, rejected laissez-faire, and questioned the validity of the concept of private property.

Question 29

Totalitarianism

Answer 29

The organization of a state that has complete control over every aspect of the individual’s life and in which the goal of the individual is to serve the state.

Question 30

laissez faire

Answer 30

idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs
–Adam Smith

Question 31

Realpolitik

Answer 31

The idea that, in politics, whatever it takes is justified when it comes to government action. Napoleon III did many things that exemplified realpolitik. So did Bismark, like starting a meaningless war.