Ch. 1 Renaissance

Question 1

Florence

Answer 1

A major Italian City-State

• great banking, trading, art
• wealthiest Italian city
• ran by the Medici family

Question 2

Popolo Grasso

Answer 2

“The Fat People”

• the city elite
• the highest social ranking in the city states

Question 3

Popolo Minute

Answer 3

“The Little people”

• most of the city state population
• commoners

Question 4

Condottieri

Answer 4

The military people of the city states

mercenary leaders employed by Italian city-states during the Renaissance

Question 5

Francesco Sforza

Answer 5

Milan was also called a republic, but despots of the Sforza family ruled harshly and dominated the smaller cities of the North. The Sforza family left a major impact on Milan as how the smaller cities of the North were to be ruled with a certain government.

Question 6

Cosimo de Medici

Answer 6

Head of the Medici family during the Early Renaissance who took control of Florentine politics after England defaulted on its debt from the Hundred Years War, banished important people from other families, family was wealthy due to banking and textiles.

Question 7

Lorenzo the Magnificent

Answer 7

Head of Medici family towards the end of Early Renaissance, beginning of High Renaissance, was nearly assassinated, major patron of the arts, depicted in several works of Renaissance art, opened up banking between the pope and Medici.

Question 8

Petrarch

Answer 8

“The Father of Humanism”, founding humanist, lived in the early Renaissance, lived in Avignon during the migration of the Papacy to that location. Collected and copied classical manuscripts.

Question 9

Humanism

Answer 9

Belief that man is the best focus of study (because God had made man with the power to create), revival of the classics of the Greco-Romans, reviving and correcting classical works, and creating new works in the style of the classics.
-the switch from study of LAW AND MEDICINE to the study of GRAMER, LOGIC, ARITHMETIC, GEOMETRY, MUSIC, ASTRONOMY, RHETORIC (7 liberal arts)

Question 10

Dante “Divine Comedy”

Answer 10

named specific people who he saw in hell in Inferno (hell part of the Divine Comedy) including pope.
-Latin Classical Learning combined with Christian teachings

Question 11

Baldassare Castiglione

Answer 11

• The Courtier
• Discusses ideal men & women
• Believed men should be talented in many fields

Question 12

Leonardo da Vinci

Answer 12

“The Renaissance man”

• Jack of all trades
• employed by kings and popes

Question 13

Albrecht Durer

Answer 13

artist who like the status of artists in Italy, famous for his metal and wood engravings, did “Praying Hands”

Question 14

Brunelleschi

Answer 14

first to apply theories of classical architecture

-built the first dome ever

Question 15

Duomo

Answer 15

Duomo - first Italian freestanding dome since antiquit

Question 16

Michelangelo

Answer 16

Loved by the Medici’s

-made a mural in city hall

Question 17

Raphael

Answer 17

one of greatest painters of his era; portraits and Madonnas

Question 18

Giotto de Bondone

Answer 18

the first great painter of the Renaissance, painted nature into his artwork

Question 19

Botticelli

Answer 19

A painter who painted nude things

Question 20

Pope Julius II

Answer 20

A pope who commissioned many great works of art from many great artists

Question 21

Ottoman Turks

Answer 21

Islamic state founded by Osman in northwestern Anatolia ca. 1300. After the fall of the Byzantine Empire, the Ottoman Empire was based at Istanbul (formerly Constantinople) from 1453 to 1922. It encompassed lands in the Middle East, North Africa, the Caucasus, and eastern Europe.

Question 22

Bartholomew Dias

Answer 22

Portuguese explorer, rounded the Cape of Good Hope in 1487, providing access to the Indian Ocean

Question 23

Peace of Lodi

Answer 23

Made in 1454, this ended a war among Milan, Florence, and Venice. Cosimo de Medici made a lasting peace by having an alliance between Milan, Naples, and Florence on one side, and Venice and the Papal States on the other. Lasted for 40 years, and represents one of earliest appearances in European history of a diplomatic balance of power for maintaining peace.

Question 24

Charles VIII

Answer 24

French king who attempted to invade Italy

Question 25

Savonarola

Answer 25

a Dominican friar in Florence who preached against sin and corruption and gained a large following; he expelled the Medici from Florence but was later excommunicated and executed for criticizing the Pope; wanted to overthrow the Medici Dynasty

Question 26

Niccolo Machiavelli

Answer 26

(1469-1527) Wrote The Prince which contained a secular method of ruling a country. “End justifies the means.”
an Italian humanist; his writing reflected the unstability of Italy, which was invaded by the French and Spanish during Machiavelli’s lifetime; wrote Discourses on Livy and the Prince (saw ruthless dictators like Borgia as the best Italy could hope for in its current state)