Ch. 6 England and the Dutch Republic in the 1600s Flashcards
England 1604-1642 English CIVIL WAR 1642-1649 The Puritan Republic and the Glorious Revolution THE DUTCH REPUBLIC
James I
First Stuart king of England Ireland 1603-1625 Scotland 1567-1625 --King after Elizabeth I had no heirs --Divine right of Kings (i no like parliament)
Charles I
King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1625-1649). His power struggles with Parliament resulted in the English Civil War (1642-1648) in which Charles was defeated. He was tried for treason and beheaded in 1649
-disband parliament for 11 years
Puritans
Englands Calvinists
- Believed in the rights of Parliament
- Many left under religious tensions
- Wanted a simplified church
William Laud
Archbishop of Canterbury under Charles I in England. He tried to force the Scottish to use the English Book of Common Prayer. He was later executed by Parliament during the English Civil War.
-many thought he was trying to convert people into Catholics
Petition of Rights
A result of Charles I’s CLASH with Parliament
-English Monarchs couldn’t collect taxes without Parliament consent; civilians could not be forced to quarter soldiers, military law couldn’t be imposed during times of peace.
“Ship Money”
- Charles tried to run England with no Parliament
- -running out of money
- applied a shipping tax for all counties (usually just coastal towns)
John Pym
A Parliamentary leader of the opposition to the throne. He led Parliament in refusing to give funds to the king until he gave into their grievances.
Short Parliament
Convened to raise money to fight the Scots when they rebelled. It was dissolved when Pym demanded Charles redress political and religious grievances
Roundheads
Parliament’s forces that waged war against Charles I and his Cavaliers.
Cavaliers
Charles I’s private forces that remained loyal to him throughout the English Civil War
Oliver Cromwell
Leader of the New Model Army in the English Civil War, where he led the Roundheads to victory against the Cavaliers. He became Lord Protector of Great Britain
New Model Army
The disciplined fighting force of Protestants led by Oliver Cromwell in the English civil war.
-Paid not Plundered
Independents
Members of Parliament who wanted more changes
-More Political reforms
Levellers
Parliament Extremists
- Poor and Rich Protection Laws
- Parliament under voters
- New Constitution
- religious toleration
Diggers
Denied parliaments power
-No private property
-
Prides Purges
Cromwell felt king should be executed to prevent counterrevolution. Parlt. hesitated so Cromwell used army to break up Parlt. which had started at 500 in 1640 and already sunk to 150. Used Colonel Pride to remove dissenters(100 of them) and left only about 50 - The Rump.
Rump Parliament
The 50 or so left in Parlt after Pride’s Purge. Put Charles to death on scaffold in 1649.
Act of Settlement
-To Prevent Catholic rulers in England
English law passed in 1701 that decreed the English throne would go to the Protestant Electress Dowager of Hanover, should the ruling monarch or his sister die without an heir
Long Parliament
(1640-1648) desperate for money after Scottish invasion of northern England-Charles finally agreed to demands by Parliament: Parliament could not be dissolved w/o its own consent; had to meet once every 3 years; “ship money” abolished; leaders of persecution of Puritans to be tried and executed; common law courts supreme to king’s courts; refused funds to raise army to defeat Irish revolt-Puritans came to represent majority in Parliament
Barebones Parliament
Cromwell’s Parliament
-140 new members
“Lord protector”
The tile the Cromwell took after wining the English Civil war
-Gave him almost ultimate power in the sort Commonwealth before Charles II became king
Charles II
The king of the restoration of the monarchy. HE was a closet Catholic who was secretly trying to reestablish Catholicism in England.
Navigation Acts
A series of laws that regulated trade in the English colonies strictly between them and the mother country. The colonists hated this because they could get better prices elsewhere.
Act of Corporation
Required all office holders in England to take Communion
Act of Uniformity
Key part of the Elizabethan Settlement, Cranmer’s book of Common Prayer was reinstated with some revisions to make it more acceptable to Catholics
-Protestants had no power to alter church
Test Act
English law that excluded Catholics from public office and led to the creation of the first political parties (Whigs and Tories)
James II
This was the Catholic king of England after Charles II that granted everyone religious freedom and even appointed Roman Catholics to positions in the army and government
GLORIOUS REVOLUTION
In this bloodless revolution, the English Parliament and William III of Orange and Mary II agreed to overthrow King James II for the sake of Protestantism. This led to a constitutional monarchy and the drafting of the English Bill of Rights.
“Protestant Wind”
When William and Mary of Orange traveled from the Netherlands to take the throne, a wind picked up that quickly pulled their ships to England. This same wind worked against James II, keeping his ships at bay. This helped them take the throne from the reluctant James.
William and Mary
Became new rulers of England
- protestant
- allowed parliament to have power
Bill of Rights
passed in 1689 and was effectively a constitution, making England a constitutional monarchy. The Bill of Rights gave Parliament rights, as well as granting people natural rights like free speech.
- No Catholics on Throne
- Limited Monarch power
House of Orange
This was the most powerful, dominant family in the Dutch Republic, that provided many of the stadtholders who headed the executive branch of government, including the man who became King William III of England
Stadholder
This was the name given to the person appointed by the States General to carry out ceremonial functions in a province in the Netherlands
-Dutch Princes
Amsterdam
a major international trade port in the Netherlands
Dutch East India Company
A trade company to compete with England
- Monopoly in East Asia Trade
- Formed by private investors
Rembrant
Considered one of the greatest Dutch Baroque artists, his financial success was offset by tragic deaths of two wives and all four of his sons.
Jan Vermeer
An artist fascinated with the effects of light and dark. He chose domestic, indoor settings for his portraits. He often painted women doing such familiar activities such as pouring milk from a jug or reading a letter. His work reveals how important merchants, civil leaders, and the middle class in general were in the 17th century Netherlands.
