Ch. 21 The Age of European Imperialism

Question 1

Cicil Rhodes

Answer 1

He was an Englishman who played a major political and economic role in colonial South Africa. He was a financier, statesman, and empire builder with a philosophy of mystical imperialism.

Question 2

Suez Canal

Answer 2

A canal by Egypt that allowed passage from the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea, which provided the fastest route by sea to reach Asia. Britain tried to control it to regulate trade.

Question 3

Ferdinand de Lesseps

Answer 3

French engineer and diplomat who supervised the construction of the Suez Canal (1805-1894)

Question 4

Henry Stanley

Answer 4

An enthusiastic journalist who was sent by Leopold II to go to Africa. He established trading signs and planted Leopold’s flag everywhere. Found Dr. Livingstone.

Question 5

David Livingston

Answer 5

Missionary and explorer, he tried to find the source of the Nile. wanted an end to slave trade. Found By Henry Stanley “Dr. Livingston i presume.”

Question 6

Treaty of Addis Ababa

Answer 6

Forced Italy to renounce any claims to Addis Ababa in Africa

Question 7

Fashoda Affair

Answer 7

The conflict between Britain and France for control of Fashoda in Africa in the late 1890’s. Never reached full-on war, but close. France lost in the end because of internal conflict over the Dreyfus Affair. French backdown.

Question 8

Charles “Chinese” Gordon

Answer 8

The British General sent to restore Egyptian authority over Sudan however this failed.

also helped put down Chinese rebellion

Question 9

Battle of Omdurman

Answer 9

A battle (1898) in which an English and Egyptian army under Kitchener defeated the Sudanese

Question 10

Boer War

Answer 10

1899-1902; The war where the British defeated the Boers and annexed the two republics (Orange Free State and Transvall)

Question 11

Opium War

Answer 11

The war in which the Chinese government tried to halt the British from exporting opium to China. China made more trade ports as a result.

Question 12

Sepoy Rebellion

Answer 12

The revolt of Indian soldiers in 1857 against certain practices that violated religious customs; also known as the Sepoy Mutiny.

Question 13

Meiji Restoration

Answer 13

The political program that followed the destruction of the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1868, in which a collection of young leaders set Japan on the path of centralization, industrialization, and imperialism.

Question 14

Sino-Japanese War

Answer 14

War between Japan and China
Korea= independent
Taiwan=became Japanese

Question 15

Boxer Rebellion

Answer 15

1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the “foreign devils”. The rebellion was ended by British troops

Question 16

Russo- Japanese War

Answer 16

Russia and Japan were fighting over Korea, Manchuria, etc. Began in 1904, but neither side could gain a clear advantage and win. Both sent reps to Portsmouth, NH where TR mediated Treaty of New Hampshire in 1905. TR won the nobel peace prize for his efforts, the 1st pres. to do so.

Question 17

Social Darwinism

Answer 17

“survival of the fittest” a justification of their imperialist expansion

Question 18

Herbert Spencer

Answer 18

(1820-1903). Social Darwinist. Follower of Comte. Saw the human race as driven forward to ever-greater specialization and progress by the economic struggle (“survival of the fittest”).

Question 19

” Plunder economies”

Answer 19

Powers took control of land and its people

• used their soil
• cheap labour
• exploited land and people

Question 20

” Christianity, Commerce, and Civilization”

Answer 20

David Livingston’s justification for European expansion

Question 21

Rudyard Kipling

Answer 21

Poet who praised Imperialism, white man’s burden

Question 22

” Civilizing Mission”

Answer 22

The idea that it was their DUTY to spread their culture to the rest of the world?

Question 23

Dual Mandate

Answer 23

The notion that colonial powers had to rule on their own and through local leaders at the same time

Question 24

Jingoism

Answer 24

extreme patriotism; favoring an aggressive, warlike foreign policy