Ch. 21 The Age of European Imperialism Flashcards
From colonialism to Imperialism and "new" imperialism Scramble for Africa and Imperial Asia Domination of Indigenous people Assessing the goal of European Imperialism
Cicil Rhodes
He was an Englishman who played a major political and economic role in colonial South Africa. He was a financier, statesman, and empire builder with a philosophy of mystical imperialism.
Suez Canal
A canal by Egypt that allowed passage from the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea, which provided the fastest route by sea to reach Asia. Britain tried to control it to regulate trade.
Ferdinand de Lesseps
French engineer and diplomat who supervised the construction of the Suez Canal (1805-1894)
Henry Stanley
An enthusiastic journalist who was sent by Leopold II to go to Africa. He established trading signs and planted Leopold’s flag everywhere. Found Dr. Livingstone.
David Livingston
Missionary and explorer, he tried to find the source of the Nile. wanted an end to slave trade. Found By Henry Stanley “Dr. Livingston i presume.”
Treaty of Addis Ababa
Forced Italy to renounce any claims to Addis Ababa in Africa
Fashoda Affair
The conflict between Britain and France for control of Fashoda in Africa in the late 1890’s. Never reached full-on war, but close. France lost in the end because of internal conflict over the Dreyfus Affair. French backdown.
Charles “Chinese” Gordon
The British General sent to restore Egyptian authority over Sudan however this failed.
also helped put down Chinese rebellion
Battle of Omdurman
A battle (1898) in which an English and Egyptian army under Kitchener defeated the Sudanese
Boer War
1899-1902; The war where the British defeated the Boers and annexed the two republics (Orange Free State and Transvall)
Opium War
The war in which the Chinese government tried to halt the British from exporting opium to China. China made more trade ports as a result.
Sepoy Rebellion
The revolt of Indian soldiers in 1857 against certain practices that violated religious customs; also known as the Sepoy Mutiny.
Meiji Restoration
The political program that followed the destruction of the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1868, in which a collection of young leaders set Japan on the path of centralization, industrialization, and imperialism.
Sino-Japanese War
War between Japan and China
Korea= independent
Taiwan=became Japanese
Boxer Rebellion
1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the “foreign devils”. The rebellion was ended by British troops
Russo- Japanese War
Russia and Japan were fighting over Korea, Manchuria, etc. Began in 1904, but neither side could gain a clear advantage and win. Both sent reps to Portsmouth, NH where TR mediated Treaty of New Hampshire in 1905. TR won the nobel peace prize for his efforts, the 1st pres. to do so.
Social Darwinism
“survival of the fittest” a justification of their imperialist expansion
Herbert Spencer
(1820-1903). Social Darwinist. Follower of Comte. Saw the human race as driven forward to ever-greater specialization and progress by the economic struggle (“survival of the fittest”).
” Plunder economies”
Powers took control of land and its people
- used their soil
- cheap labour
- exploited land and people
” Christianity, Commerce, and Civilization”
David Livingston’s justification for European expansion
Rudyard Kipling
Poet who praised Imperialism, white man’s burden
” Civilizing Mission”
The idea that it was their DUTY to spread their culture to the rest of the world?
Dual Mandate
The notion that colonial powers had to rule on their own and through local leaders at the same time
Jingoism
extreme patriotism; favoring an aggressive, warlike foreign policy
