Ch. 23 Revolutionary Russia and the Soviet Union Flashcards
War and Revolution October Revolution and Civil War The Soviet Union
Duma
The elected parliament. Created after revolutoin made to look like the Tzar was giving people power, in reality he could easily get rid of this if they made any laws or such that he didn’t like
Tzarina Alexandra
Wife of Tzar Nicholas II
- hated by the Russian people (she was German)
- highly influenced Tzar Nicholas II
- like Rasputin
Grigory Rasputin
Friend of the Russian Royal Family
- “holy man”
- helped save Tzars son
- killed because many thought he was using to royal family to rule Russia
Bolsheviks
A communist revolutionist group created by Vladimir Lenin. -Overthrew and assassinated Russian Royal Family
Aleksandr Kerensky
1917- Provisional Government Leader
- fighting = national duty
- Stalin replaced him
Tzar Nicholas II
The last Tzar of Russia
- poor army leadership
- 1917 advocated (gave up) the throne
- assassinated with his family in Petrograd
Petrograd Soviet
A huge, fluctuating mass meeting of two thousand to three thousand workers, soldiers and socialist intellectuals, modeled on the revolutionary soviets of 1905.
-for the provisional government
Vladimir Lenin
Leader of the Bolsheviks, became the communist leader of the Soviet Union (USSR)
July Days
When the Bolsheviks rose in insurrection but ended up failing. This hardened political lines in Russia. Bolsheviks were arrested.
Pravda
“Truth”
- the Bolshevik party’s newspaper
- shut down by provisional government
- Became USSR’s newspaper
Kornilov Affair
In late 1917 Kerensky’s commander in chief, General Laver Kornolov led a feeble attack against the provincial government in September; his forces were quickly defeated.
October Revolution
The seizure of power by force by the Bolsheviks from the Provisional Government (that had replaced Tsar Nicholas II after the February Revolution) in November of 1917. After the forceful seizure of power, Lenin set himself up as the first head of a Marxist state with aspirations to change the country, making several decrees in his effort use socialist ideas (Confiscation of large estates and businesses & establishment of political monopoly- no rival political parties).
Peace of Brest-Litovsk
Treaty with German army in World War 1
- Russia withdraws from war
- Russia gave Germany 1/4 of its land in Europe
War Communism
Reforms put forth by Lenin and the Bolsheviks such as nationalizing private property, banks, and placing workers commitees in charge of factories
Kulaks
name for wealthier peasants.
Soviet Union
The new name for Russia under Bolshevik power
New Economic Policy
- Lenin’s temporary economic solution
- State controlled economy
- Allowed peasants to use their own land
- Allowed trade of produce
- Small-scale private manufacturing
- Other investments
Joseph Stalin
Stalin became dictator of Russia after Lenin’s death in 1924. He led the USSR through WWII and into the Cold War. He died in 1953 and is remembered for his brutal purges in his nation.
Five-Year-Plan
Stalin’s attempt to rapidly modernize Russia’s industrial capacity began in 1928, with the collectivization of farms as a part of the process. Russia’s heavy industrial capacity did increase, but the collectivization caused massive unrest and violence. The second Five Year Plan began in 1933. Stalin reinforced his dictatorship
Purges
(1936-1938) This was when Stalin persecuted all those in Russia who he perceived to be a threat, and deemed “enemies of the people”. There were millions of deaths, in addition to imprisonment, censorship, and other forms of oppression.
