Ch. 24 Depression and Dictatorships 1920s and 1930s Flashcards
National and Ethnic changes Political and Economic Troubles Hitler and Mussolini Fascism National Socialism in Germany (Natzi)
Polish Corridor
1919
- divided East Prussia from the rest of Germany
- Gave Poland(a landlocked country) access to the sea
- populated by many Germans (Germans wanted it)
Yugoslavia
- old Hapsburg Balkan lands
- multinational state (many nations rights recognized)
- -Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia, Slovenia, Hungarians, Romanians, Bulgarians, Greeks, Austrians, Gypsies
Czechoslovakia
1917- Czechs and Slovaks = 65% of population
-formed after ww1
British Commonwealth
1926, The Union of Britain and her Domains (Canada, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand)
-Each state = independent but still loyal to the crown
Irish Republican Army
A militant organization of Irish nationalists who used terrorism and guerilla warfare in an effort to drive British forces from Northern Ireland and achieve a united independent Ireland. Ireland = part of British Commonwealth
Welfare State
Provided workers with better living conditions, insurance, unemployment benefits, and Gov. housing
Weimar Republic (Germany)
The name of Germany’s post WWI democracy. Named for the seat of government, it was beset by social and economic problems and ended with the election of Hitler.
Wolfgang Kapp
Led a Putsch against the Weimar Government. 1920, took over Berlin. Failed to overthrow government.
Rapallo Treaty
Treaty between Russia and Germany
- Russia helped Germany build an army
- Germany helped Russia with tech.
Dawes Plan
- Plan formulated to end inflation and update German banking system
- Also extended required payments for American loans
- Reduced amounts Germany had to pay
Treaty of Locarno
Treaty between France, Germany, England, Italy, and Belgium in 1925 that guaranteed borders between Germany and France; marked a turning point in Franco-German relations and seemed to show that there could be peaceful relations between the two rivals
Dadaism
nonsense art movement
- anti war
- painted random ass shit
Fascism
- started in Italy
- “Beauty exists only in struggle”
- “war = only cure for modern world”
- supremacy of race
- nation above all others
- -exclude or kill outsiders
- -survival of the fittest
Benito Mussolini
- Led the fascist party in Italy
- Was a “noisy nationalist”
- Denounced liberalism
- Annexed Abyssinia and allied Italy with Germany in 1936
Adolf Hitler
” i came here to fuck shit up”
• Chancellor of Germany 1933
• Leader of Nazi Party
• Wrote Mein Kampf
National Socialism
Natzi Party • Began in late 1920's • German variant of Fascism • Anti-Semitic views • Led by Adolf Hitler
Beer Hall Putsch
- Hitler’s 1st failed attempt to seize control of the Munich Municipal government in 1923
- Hitler was sentenced to 5 years in prison where he wrote Mein Kampf
Mein Kampf
- Means “my struggle”
- Condemned decadence of western society
- Described contempt for Jews, Bolsheviks, and middle class liberals
- Talked about how human beings are manipulated by fear, big lies, and simplistic explanations
Great Depression
- 1929, sparked by U.S. stock market crash
- Great Britain collapsed in 1931 due to moratorium on war debt and reparation payments, and pooling of gold in U.S.
- Heavy borrowing and reliance on U.S. investment made the depression international
- U.S. stopped buying foreign goods which made depression worse worldwide
- Excessive lending and leniency were fatal mistakes
Reichstag
The lower house of the Parliament during the period of the second Reich and the Welmar Republic
Fuhrer
Hitlers title “leader”
-took over german gov
Nuremberg Laws
- made Swastika the German symbol
- Jews = not citizens
- Jews must wear yellow stars
Kristallnacht
- November 9, 1938
- Translates to “Night of broken glass”
- Synagogues set on fire and Jewish homes/values confiscated
- 20,000 - 30,000 imprisoned, 91 killed
