Ch. 11 Century Dynastic Rivalries and Politics

Question 1

The War of Jenkins’s Ear

Answer 1

1739- 1748
-Spain wanted Trade monopoly with West Indies
Spanish cut off the ear of British Captain Jenkins (who was suspected of smuggling) ear was waved in front of parliament
-Went to war with Spain

Question 1

Act of Union 1707

Answer 1

Created the Kingdom of Great Britain (a combination of England, Scotland, and Wales) they didn’t want the scots to have a Catholic king

Question 2

Queen Anne

Answer 2

1665- 1714
Became England's queen in 1702
Had no heirs to the throne
-Whigs and Tories be fighting 
-George Hanover got the throne

Question 4

The war of Austrian Succession

Answer 4

1740- War over the control of Austria due to the fact that Charles VI left Maria Theresa (a girl) as heir to the throne. Frederick II of Prussia invaded due to a want for Silesia and France helped him in order to humiliate their enemy (Austria.) Great Britain allied with Austria to prevent France from gaining more land. The colonies of F and GB began to fight also. Austria gave Silesia to Prussia and the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle ended the war.

Question 5

the Hanoverian Dynasty

Answer 5

Came to the throne in 1714, as designated by the Act of Settlement. Although militarily successful against the pretender, new dynasty and supporters saw need for consolidation.

Question 6

King George I

Answer 6

First Hanoverian king

• never learned English
• not too popular
• did not spend much time in England

Question 7

King George II

Answer 7

The king during the American Revolution (Kinda)

• spoke English!
• “God Save the King”
• Not too popular

Question 8

Silesia

Answer 8

Habsburg Territory

• taken by Frederick the Great of Prussia
• nearly double the size of Prussia

Question 9

The Seven Years War

Answer 9

(Could be called the first World War.) Prussia’s well trained army invaded Saxony. (An Ally of Austria.) This caused France and GB to be mad at each other over their colonies again for some reason so they start fighting. Those two fought in North America (its called the French and Indian War) and in the West Indies, India, and central Europe. Prussia was losing until the Russian tsar died and a pro-Prussian one withdrew Russia from the Franco-Austrian alliance. Prussia got to keep all the territory, including Silesia which he won earlier. Britain and France ended their fighting with the Treaty of Paris

Question 10

Pragmatic Sanction

Answer 10

HRE Charles VI of Austria’s agreement with the European rulers that his daughter Maria Theresa would inherit his throne because he had no male heir.

Question 11

Maria Theresa

Answer 11

(Ruled 1740-1780) Daughter of Charled VI, who’s inheritance of the Austrian throne sparked the War of the Austrian Succession. She survived the war only by giving Silesia to Frederick II of Prussia. Became heiress of Austria and her husband became Holy Roman Emperor. Mother of Joseph II.

Question 12

Frederick the Great

Answer 12

(Ruled 1740-1786) King of Prussia. Invaded Austria, sparking the War of the Austrian Succession, in which he gained Silesia; invaded Saxony, sparking the Seven Years War, but did not gain any territory; he spent 2/3rds of all Prussian money on the army; proposed the First Partition of Poland, from which he gained a bit of Polish-Lithuanian territory; insisted his court spoke French; was personal friends with Voltaire; instituted a uniform civil justice system; believed strongly in education; encourage agricultural innovation. (Example of an enlightened despot.)

Question 13

India and Quebec

Answer 13

Originally French colonies, became English after Seven Years War

Question 14

Whigs

Answer 14

Supported monarchy, but wanted Parliament to retain final sovereignty.

• Favored urban commercial interests as well as the prosperity of the landowners.
• Encouraged religious toleration toward Protestant nonconformists in England.

Question 15

and Tories

Answer 15

Emphasized a strong monarchy

• low taxes for landowners,
• firm support of the Anglican church.
• no desire for change

Question 16

“South Sea Bubble”

Answer 16

The South Sea Company promised to pay English debt
- sold shares but then went bankrupt, Walpole made Parliament give the investors their money back, created trust for the English economy

Question 17

Robert Walpole

Answer 17

The first official prime minister whose foreign policy was to ignore continental conflicts and he forgave the debt of the South Sea Company which made the people confident in the government

Question 18

William Pitt “The Great Commoner”

Answer 18

A competent British leader, known as the “Great Commoner,” who managed to destroy New France from the inside and end the Seven Year’s War

Question 19

House of Commons

Answer 19

One of the houses of Parliament including wealthy landowners and rich business leaders that represent the middle class and are elected to office

Question 20

Rotten Boroughs

Answer 20

Depopulated areas of England that nevertheless sent representatives to Parliament

Question 21

Edmund Burke

Answer 21

Author of “Reflections on the Revolution in France” (1790) he attacked the principle of the rights of man and natural law as fundamentally dangerous to the social order and he emphasized the role of tradition as the basic underpinning for the rights of those in positions of authority. believed in the possibility of slow political change over the passage of time

Question 22

John Wilkes

Answer 22

Member of Parliament,

• attacked the king through a newspaper
• became a symbol of the unrepresented

Question 23

American Revolution

Answer 23

well, started after unfair oppression from Britain

• taxation without representation
• declaration of independence

Question 24

William Pitt “The Younger”

Answer 24

Son of William Pitt the Elder, becomes prime minister in 1783; supported by the merchants, industrial classes, and the king, who used patronage to gain support for Pitt in the House of Commons, and later managed to stay in power through the French revolutionary and Napoleonic wars

Question 25

Parlements

Answer 25

Frances “Law Courts” made up of nobles

-gave and registered royal edicts

Question 26

Vingtieme

Answer 26

a tax on income for both nobles and commoners

Question 27

Taille

Answer 27

Tax on the French peasantry on property and land, provided permanent income for French royal government

Question 28

Louis XV (France)

Answer 28

Abolished Parlement

-Made a new law court that would not resist his authority

Question 29

Anne-Robert Turgot

Answer 29

Finance Minister under Louie XV
-wanted to get rid of noble and clergy tax exemption
abolishing certain guild restrictions in order to stimulate manufacturing

Question 30

Ottoman Empire

Answer 30

Ottoman Empire and Europe The Ottomans and the Europeans fought often for territory. Their relationship was often tense, as the Ottomans were the LARGEST and most STABLE empire to rise after the fall of the Roman Empire

• declined
• no good navy, army, or economy

Question 31

Liberum Veto

Answer 31

known as “exploding the diet” it allowed one member to disband the diet of Poland

Question 32

War of Polish succession

Answer 32

Russia wanted Polish throne

• France wanted it
• Russia got it with August III of Saxony

Question 33

First Partition

Answer 33

Poland lost 1/3 of its land

• Austria = Galia
• Prussia = West Prussia

Question 34

Second Partition

Third Partition

Answer 34

POLAND LOST ITS INDEPENDENCE