Ch. 22 The Great War (World War 1) Flashcards
Entangled Alliances The Final Crisis The Final Stages of War Impacts of War
Pan-Slavism
A theory and movement intended to promote the cultural or political unity of all Slavs. It rose with the emergence of nationalism in the nineteenth century, and grew with the cultural self-identification of Slavs in Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire. Pan-Slavism was a factor in the Russian support of Serbia at the beginning of World War I.
Dual Alliance
Alliance between Germany and Austria VS. Russia
-became the Triple Alliance with Italy
Triple Alliance
Italy joined Germany and Austria
-Russia, France, and England
Kaiser William II
The leader of Germany during World War 1
- pushed for colonization
- built strong navy
Entente Cordiale
A series of agreements between Britain and France. This was significant because Britain abandoned its long held antagonism of the French for settling the colonial differences between the two countries. This was not a formal treaty. Britain gave France a hand in Morocco in return for French recognition of British control over Egypt. Also cemented France and Britain’s alliance against Germany later in WWI.
Dreadnought
A new type of ship created by England
-“ The Best Warship”
First Moroccan Crisis
Germany helped bid for Moroccan independence so that France would not get the chance to have influence there
Young Turks
A coalition of various groups favoring reformation of the administration of the Ottoman Empire. The movement was against the monarchy of Ottoman Sultan and favored a re-installation of the short lived Kanûn-ı Esâsî constitution. They established the second constitutional era in 1908.
Bosnian Crisis of 1908
Austria annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina
-angered the Russians
Second Moroccan Crisis
Germany tried to seize Morocco, but France did not let them (they had a good alliance, they could now stand up to Germany)
Sarajevo
The Capital of Bosnia
- Frans Ferdinand was assassinated here on June 28 1914
- -the spark that started the war
Ultimatum
Austria-Hungary’s demands on Serbia in response to the assassination of Frans Ferdinand
- Serbia accepted most of the demands
- not good enough for Austria
- WAR
Black Hand
Serb Nationalist group responsible for the assassination of Frans Ferdinand
Gavrilo Princip
A trained assassin from the “Black Hand” group, killed Frans Ferdinand
” Jolly Little War”
A German princes anticipation of war
-quick, shot, easy, fast war
Schlieffen Plan
Germanys plan to fight the war
- take out France first than Russia
- Go through Belgium and sweep around through Paris
- Failed (did not go right enough)
U-Boats
German Submarines
- 188’ long, 2,400 mile rang
- sank 3 large British ships in September 1914
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
Germanys plan to take down every ship they can
- sank many British and US ships
- some were passenger ships
Gallipoli Campaign
An effort by the Allies to take the Dardanelles
-hoping to set up supply rout to Russia
Battle of Verdun
Largest World War 1 Battle
- began as German attack on France
- over 700,00 killed
- no significant gains
Zimmerman Telegram
Sent from the German foreign minister Arthur Zimmerman
- offered Mexico US land if it joined Germany
- Caused the US to declare war on Germany
Battle of the Somme
July- November 1916
- 1.2million killed
- no major gains
Lusitania
A US passenger ship sunk by German U-Boats
-Pissed the US off!
14 Points
Plan by Woodrow Wilson for lasting peace
- free trade
- free seas
- no more secret alliance
- League of Nations
Treaty of Versailles
Reduced Germanys army, navy and no more air force
- $132 Billion gold Franks owed for war
- ARTICLE 231- Germany is sole cause of war
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
Unified Turkish resistance
- founded Turkish republic
- fought for Turkish independence
