Introduction Flashcards
What are the three domains of life?
Eukaryotes, Archaea, Bacteria
What domains of life of are prokaryotes?
Archaea, and Bacteria
What differs prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
- Size, Eukaryotes way bigger.
- Prokaryotes are single cellular, while eukaryotes are multicellular.
- Prokaryotes are hardly compartmentalized, eukaryotes always are. (Bonus: They are compartmentalized into organelles.)
What do the Nucleus, Chloroplast, Mitochondrion, and Lysosome have in common?
They are all organelles.
What is an organelle?
An individual membrane enclosed compartment with separate environments inside versus outside.
What are the compartments of the Nucleus, and what does it do?
Compartments: Nuclear Envelope, Chromatin, Nucleolus
Do: Contains chromosomal DNA
What does the Mitochondrion do?
Where many of the processes of metabolism occur. (Energy Generation!)
What does chloroplast do?
Carry’s out photosynthesis.
What does lysosome do?
Protein degradation.
What is beneficial about organelles?
Allows for a different environment from cytoplasm:
1. Protien Content
2. DNA & RNA Content
3. Cofactors
4. pH
What do Microneme and Rhoptry have in common?
Both organelles, and apart of the malaria parasite (unicellular eukaryote).
Both essential for host cell invasion.
What does Microneme do?
Provides proteins for red blood cell entry.
What does Rhoptry do?
Provides proteins for red blood cell entry?
What are the advantages to compartmentalization?
- Protects the rest of the cell from harmful events inside an organelle. (Ex. Degrading enzymes in lysosome’s, Hemoglobin degradation in food vacuole in malaria parasite)
- Create specialized membrane, bound machinery inside cells. (Ex. Photosynthesis in chloroplast, Energy generation in mitochondria)
What are the 3 types of molecules the vast majority of cells contain? Hint: biopolymers
Protien: Amino Acids (Ex. Tyrosine)
Nucleic Acid: nucleotides (Ex. ATGC, U)
Polysaccharides: Sugars (Ex. Glucose, Mannose, etc)
