Glycolysis Flashcards
What is the overall reaction of glycolysis?
Steps of glycolysis
Glucose is being oxidized- taking energy out of it!!
Glycolysis map:
Explain affinities of GLUT1-4, what is a GLUT protein?
Where are they found?
What is the first enzyme used in glycolysis? What happens during this process?
Hexokinase uses the energy of ATP to phosphorylate glucose to activate it and trap it in the cell.
This enzyme is an example of “induced fit” - glucose binding induces of confirmational change that creates the binding site for ATP.
What is the second enzyme used in glycolysis? What happens during this process?
Phosphoglucose isomerase: convert glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate.
Note: in terms of free energy this reaction is basically at equilibrium. There’s not a major energy difference during the step.
What is the third enzyme used in glycolysis? What happens during this process?
Most heavily regulated step!!!! After this step, molecule committed to glycolysis.
What is the fourth enzyme used in glycolysis? What happens during this process?
Aldolase cleaves F1,6BP into two triose phosphates.
Note: while the concentration independent free energy is at about equilibrium(if not reactant favored) the concentration of the triose phosphate is so low it drives the reaction to make it.
What is the fifth enzyme used in glycolysis? What happens during this process?
Energy investment phase recap:
What’s the product and reactant of this phase only.
What’s invested?
What are the irreversible steps of this phase?
GAP= Glyceraldyhe phosphate.
What is the sixth enzyme used in glycolysis? What happens during this process?
Doesn’t require ATP, just inorganic phosphorus. Makes next step very favorable to get ATP out of it.
What is the seventh enzyme used in glycolysis? What happens during this process?
What two enzymes operate in near equilibrium in glycolysis? Why?
This is important because allows reaction to go either way depending on what the body needs.
What is the eighth enzyme used in glycolysis? What happens during this process?
What is the ninth enzyme used in glycolysis? What happens during this process?
What is the tenth enzyme used in glycolysis? What happens during this process?
Total glycolysis recap:
What is the products and reactant?
What are the 3 irreversible steps?
What’s totally investment vs generate?
What are the 3 fates of pyruvate you need to know before exam 2?
When O2 is scarce, what happens? Hint: pyruvate
Lactose dehydrogenase (LDH) reduces pyruvate to lactate, regenerating cytosolic NAD+.
Activity of LDH influences how cells use pyruvate. What are the two options it chooses from.
How does pyruvate turn into ethanol?
Define what auto brewery syndrome is.
Summary slide:
