INTRO TO DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY Flashcards
SHUTTER
MECHANICAL CAMERA COMPONENT THAT LIMITS THE PASSAGE OF LIGHT
The shutter is the device between the light source (thing you are trying to take a picture of) and the sensor.
CCD
(CHARGED COUPLED DEVICE) OPTICAL SENSO THAT STORES/TRANSFERS ELECTRICAL CHARGE TO BE CONVERTED INTO PIXELS
Resolution
Measurement of the sharpness of an image, usually expressed as the density of pixels in the image
Pixel
Single color elements that together constitute an image
White Balance
Balancing of color temperature in an image to accurately reflect subject
Cameras can automatically adjust white balance by adding opposite colors to an image
Color temperature
Orange tint is considered warmer, blue tint is considered colder
Zoom
Changing the apparent distance of an object from the observer while maintaining focus.
As you use the zoom on these cameras, your focus will not change.
2 TYPES OF ZOOM
Optical, Digital
Focal Length
Distance from the CCD to the focus point of the lens
Angle of View
Degrees of the angle between opposite edges of the light converging on the lens
Essentially, how much of the scene or subject can be seen by the camera’s sensor. This means, the farther in a camera is zoomed, the less angle of view the camera has
Focal Length
Expressed in mm: the mm of distance from the point of light rays on the lens, to the CCD
Exposure
Total amount of light allowed to reach the light-sensitive material (CCD)
Exposure is dependent on:
brightness of the scene
the camera aperture
length of time for which the photographic material is exposed
Types of Exposure
Underexposure:
Insufficient Light, Dark colors appear darker, Less
white pixels throughout the entire image
Overexposure:
Excessive Light,Colors appear washed
out, Light and white colors dominate most of the
image
Correct Exposure:
Correctly reflects ‘real life’
Three Components of Exposure
Shutter Speed, Aperture Size, ISO Sensitivity
Shutter Speed
Adjustable time that controls how long the shutter is open.
Adjustments based on lighting conditions, movement of subject, and other situational factors
Shutter Speed is calculated in fractions of a second, with full seconds annotated with “:
250 = 1/250 sec
5” = 5 sec
Aperture
The diameter of the stop in an optical system that determines the diameter of the bundle of rays traversing the instrument
Calculated as the total diameter of opening of the mechanical shutter
Also in fraction form: f/2 = 1/2
Known as F Stop or F Number
F stands for Focal
Aperture affects depth of field
Low number = Fuzzy Background
High number = Clear Background
ISO Sensitivity
Measurement of the sensitivity of the image sensor
Lower numbers mean lower sensitivity and lower noise
Noise: light imperfections detected on the camera’s image sensor
Low ISO situations:
Outside photography
Clear, long distance, still targets
High ISO situations:
Florescent light
Low-light photography
Fast targets requiring high shutter speeds
ISO: International Organization for Standardization
ISO
Keeping the ISO setting around the medium range can help catch both low light situations as well as high movement situations (around 800)
Another example of NOISE: weird dots and fuzziness in night vision. The higher you turn up the brightness (gain), the more fuzzy dots you get.
APERTURE
F/1.4 = ALL THE WAY OPEN (BRIGHTEST SETTING) F/16 = DARKEST/ ALMOST CLOSED
SHUTTER
1/8 = SLOW (BLURRY MVT) BRIGHT 1/1000 = FAST (CLEAR MVT) DARK
ISO
100 = NORMAL VISION (DARKER) 12800 = OVEREXPOSURE LOTS OF LIGHT
Bracketing
To take photographs of at more than one exposure in order to ensure that the desired exposure is obtained
What is the CCD?
What are the three types of exposure?
What are the three components of exposure?
What does ISO stand for?
CHARGED COUPLED DEVICE
UNDEREXPOSURE, OVEREXPOSURE, CORRECT EXPOSURE
ISO, SHUTTER, APERTURE
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION
