intergroup behaviour lect 2 Flashcards
what does intergroup behaviour focus on
conflict between groups
intergroup behaviour definition
Hogg and vaughn 2018
-perceptions, cog and behaviour influenced by recognition that they and others are part of distinct social groups
how did the personality approach to intergroup behaviour come about
from attempts to understand nazi atrocities
what is the personality approach to understanding intergroup behaviour
takes freudian perspective
-Adorno, authoritarian personality (f scale)
what is the authoritarian personality
overly strict parenting type governed by strict adherence to rules
-children have hostility towards their parents bc of this
-they direct hostility onto weaker groups
weakness of personality approach
focuses on individual and ignores societal influences
-pettigrew 1958 studied racial conflict in usa (N vs S)
-no personality differences between the N and S despite higher prejudice in S
-individual diff in authoritarianism does not explain wide spread societal uniformity in prejudice
-authoritarianism does not explain sudden emergence of prejudice at certain points in history
strength of personality approach
approach has risen in recent yrs and does have some explanatory power
what is intergroup behaviour due to goal related issues
conflict between groups from goal striving
-resource has limit and there are issues over sharing this
what are the two types of goals
incompatible goals: one group succeeds with goal, other group fails
concordant goals: groups must work together to attain the goal together e.g military alliance
what is the realistic conflict theory
sherif 1966
how goals affect the behaviour among the groups
-ethnocentrism has conflict of interest between groups
-realistic resources: groups come into conflict
-competing groups: hostility and prejudice
-concordant groups: friendly
robbers cave studies
sherif 1966
-summer camp study on boys
-boys divided into 2 groups
stage 1: kids arrive (unaware set up is part of a study)
stage 2: group formation, groups kept separate
stage 3: groups together in competitions, winners get a prize, group conflict here
stage 4: conflict reduction, groups have to work together, reduced hostility e.g helping lunch bus as it gets stuck in mud
intergroup relations from competing or coinciding goal interests
what are the critiques of robbers cave study
-McLeod, 12 yr old boys so not generalisable and ethical issues as no consent given and unaware it was a study
-perry, hard for observers to be independent, may have some influence
-dion and turner, difficult to isolate variables responsible for the realistic conflict e.g was it the separate groups, the competition or the specific activity at play
other support for realistic conflict theory
blake and mouton 1961: conflict in business management training groups
brewer and campbell: study of competition among tribal groups in africa
evidence against realistic conflict theory
tyerman and spencer: difficulty replicating conflict between diff scout groups
social identity theory and self categorisation for intergroup conflict
does merely being a group member lead to prejudice?
what are minimal group experiments for social identity theory
experimental procedures to create ad hoc groups on arbitrary criteria with no interaction within or between them and no knowledge of who else belongs to each group (brown 2001)
tajfels study for SIT (minimal group experiment)
-assigning groups on trivial criteria
-pp know what groups they are in but other members kept anonymous
-pp have to allocate resource/ money to group members using their code number
-pp tried to be fair with their allocations but tended to award more money to in group than out group
-out group prejudice due to simple membership (in group favouritism)
-group categorisation is enough for discrimination of out groups
what is the SIT
tajfel and turnersocial identity theory
-we all have diff identities, how do they influence behaviour
-the groups we identify with are relevant to how we see ourselves
-identities have certain emotional force and impact self esteem
SIT and groups
-if sense of self is bound by the groups we identify with, an attack on the group is an attack on the self as we affiliate with the group
tajfels definition of social identity
individual knowledge that they belong to certain social groups together with emotional significance to them of the group membership
how do groups influence self esteem
when in group is seen positively, this boosts our self esteem
-groups are value laiden
-differences between groups become exaggerated and value laiden
how does SIT account for the minimal group paradigm
way to boost self esteem is more resources to the in group
SIT and conflict with high and low status groups
-conflict when current status quo appears to change
-when status quo is legitimate and cannot be changed:
social climbing and social creativity (no perceived alternatives available to induce change) occur
what is self categorisation
turner
-basic unit of categorisation is the prototype (fuzzy rep of averages)
-we have prototypes of social groups
-category relevant info becomes salient at any given time (behaviours, norms, social info etc)
-we behave diff for each group, whatever is salient at the time brings about representation, norms, behaviours etc
what is assimilation
maximising similarities between indiv who match a prototype: members of group seem more similar than they are
what is contrast
maximising diff between indiv who match prototypes
what is it called when categorising into groups de emphasises indiv differences
depersonalisation
-group members perceived as similar to group prototype
-extent to which mem fits group depends on similarity to prototype
