intergroup behaviour lect 2

Question 1

what does intergroup behaviour focus on

Answer 1

conflict between groups

Question 2

intergroup behaviour definition

Answer 2

Hogg and vaughn 2018
-perceptions, cog and behaviour influenced by recognition that they and others are part of distinct social groups

Question 3

how did the personality approach to intergroup behaviour come about

Answer 3

from attempts to understand nazi atrocities

Question 4

what is the personality approach to understanding intergroup behaviour

Answer 4

takes freudian perspective
-Adorno, authoritarian personality (f scale)

Question 5

what is the authoritarian personality

Answer 5

overly strict parenting type governed by strict adherence to rules
-children have hostility towards their parents bc of this
-they direct hostility onto weaker groups

Question 6

weakness of personality approach

Answer 6

focuses on individual and ignores societal influences
-pettigrew 1958 studied racial conflict in usa (N vs S)
-no personality differences between the N and S despite higher prejudice in S
-individual diff in authoritarianism does not explain wide spread societal uniformity in prejudice
-authoritarianism does not explain sudden emergence of prejudice at certain points in history

Question 7

strength of personality approach

Answer 7

approach has risen in recent yrs and does have some explanatory power

Question 8

what is intergroup behaviour due to goal related issues

Answer 8

conflict between groups from goal striving
-resource has limit and there are issues over sharing this

Question 9

what are the two types of goals

Answer 9

incompatible goals: one group succeeds with goal, other group fails

concordant goals: groups must work together to attain the goal together e.g military alliance

Question 10

what is the realistic conflict theory

Answer 10

sherif 1966
how goals affect the behaviour among the groups
-ethnocentrism has conflict of interest between groups
-realistic resources: groups come into conflict
-competing groups: hostility and prejudice
-concordant groups: friendly

Question 11

robbers cave studies

Answer 11

sherif 1966
-summer camp study on boys
-boys divided into 2 groups
stage 1: kids arrive (unaware set up is part of a study)
stage 2: group formation, groups kept separate
stage 3: groups together in competitions, winners get a prize, group conflict here
stage 4: conflict reduction, groups have to work together, reduced hostility e.g helping lunch bus as it gets stuck in mud
intergroup relations from competing or coinciding goal interests

Question 12

what are the critiques of robbers cave study

Answer 12

-McLeod, 12 yr old boys so not generalisable and ethical issues as no consent given and unaware it was a study
-perry, hard for observers to be independent, may have some influence
-dion and turner, difficult to isolate variables responsible for the realistic conflict e.g was it the separate groups, the competition or the specific activity at play

Question 13

other support for realistic conflict theory

Answer 13

blake and mouton 1961: conflict in business management training groups
brewer and campbell: study of competition among tribal groups in africa

Question 14

evidence against realistic conflict theory

Answer 14

tyerman and spencer: difficulty replicating conflict between diff scout groups

Question 15

social identity theory and self categorisation for intergroup conflict

Answer 15

does merely being a group member lead to prejudice?

Question 16

what are minimal group experiments for social identity theory

Answer 16

experimental procedures to create ad hoc groups on arbitrary criteria with no interaction within or between them and no knowledge of who else belongs to each group (brown 2001)

Question 17

tajfels study for SIT (minimal group experiment)

Answer 17

-assigning groups on trivial criteria
-pp know what groups they are in but other members kept anonymous
-pp have to allocate resource/ money to group members using their code number
-pp tried to be fair with their allocations but tended to award more money to in group than out group
-out group prejudice due to simple membership (in group favouritism)
-group categorisation is enough for discrimination of out groups

Question 18

what is the SIT

Answer 18

tajfel and turnersocial identity theory
-we all have diff identities, how do they influence behaviour
-the groups we identify with are relevant to how we see ourselves
-identities have certain emotional force and impact self esteem

Question 19

SIT and groups

Answer 19

-if sense of self is bound by the groups we identify with, an attack on the group is an attack on the self as we affiliate with the group

Question 20

tajfels definition of social identity

Answer 20

individual knowledge that they belong to certain social groups together with emotional significance to them of the group membership

Question 21

how do groups influence self esteem

Answer 21

when in group is seen positively, this boosts our self esteem
-groups are value laiden
-differences between groups become exaggerated and value laiden

Question 22

how does SIT account for the minimal group paradigm

Answer 22

way to boost self esteem is more resources to the in group

Question 23

SIT and conflict with high and low status groups

Answer 23

-conflict when current status quo appears to change
-when status quo is legitimate and cannot be changed:
social climbing and social creativity (no perceived alternatives available to induce change) occur

Question 24

what is self categorisation

Answer 24

turner
-basic unit of categorisation is the prototype (fuzzy rep of averages)
-we have prototypes of social groups
-category relevant info becomes salient at any given time (behaviours, norms, social info etc)
-we behave diff for each group, whatever is salient at the time brings about representation, norms, behaviours etc

Question 25

what is assimilation

Answer 25

maximising similarities between indiv who match a prototype: members of group seem more similar than they are

Question 26

what is contrast

Answer 26

maximising diff between indiv who match prototypes

Question 27

what is it called when categorising into groups de emphasises indiv differences

Answer 27

depersonalisation
-group members perceived as similar to group prototype
-extent to which mem fits group depends on similarity to prototype