group performance lect 2 Flashcards
how does size of group influence group performance
size increases, performance diminished
individual performance in presence of others
performance sometimes increases with people, sometimes decreases with an audience
Moore 1917: performance diminished if task is difficult
Geen: presence of others can improve and inhibit performance
mere presence theory
Zajonc 1965: drive theory
-when others are present, dominant responses are facilitated
what is a dominant and non dominant response (drive theory)
dominant: behaviour is familiar, well practiced, comes to mind easily
non dom: unfamiliar behaviours, involve more effort
what does the drive theory (zajonc 1965) suggest
-task performance improves where dom behaviours are required over non dom
-(why unfamiliar tasks cause performance deficit and familiar ones have performance benefit)
-presence of others increases arousal so dominant responses come to mind quickly
-non dom responses are interferred by arousal making the difficult
what did cottrell 1972 suggest
mere presence of others is not enough to cause arousal, presence of others implies evaluation
study looking to see if mere presence impacts performance
Markus 1978
-male pp undress, then dress in unfamiliar clothing (lab coat)
-pp then put own clothes back on
3 cond
1. pp on own
2. pp in presence of person distracted by other task (low evaluation)
3. attentive audience (high evaluation)
-dressing in unfamiliar clothes = inhibited
-familiar clothes = facilitated
-attentive audience did not sig add to drive effects
-supports drive theory NOT evaluation theory
schmitt 1986 study
-pp do simple or complex task on computer
-either alone, mere presence, evaluation apprehension
-mere presence facilitated performance on easy task and inhibited difficult task
-evaluation apprehension made little diff
distraction/ conflict and performance
Baron 1986
-doesnt believe mere presence is enough
-presence of others is distracting from task (attentional conflict)
-attentional conflict induces drive effects
-increased arousal facilitates dominant responses
strengths of barons approach
-accounts for effect on any source that can facilitate/ inhibit performance
-sanders and baron: facilitation effects when working alone
-can be applied to improve performance
what is an alternative theory
self presentation theory (bond)
-people want to make good impression, boost in performance
-complicated tasks suffer as expectation of making mistakes
how does groups size affect overall performance
ringlemann 1913
-group size increase = productivity of indiv drops
-actual performance lower than expected when group size increases
-measured how hard everyone pulls on pulling device, when group is bigger, people pull less than expected
process loss
group process meaning group is prevented from reaching potential productivity
-coordination and motivation losses wilke and wit 2001
what is task taxonomy by steiner
group tasks classified according to whether division of labour is possible and how individual inputs can contribute hogg and vaughn
what are additive tasks
group tasks that can be completed by adding together all members inputs wilke and wit 2001
-it should be that a task takes half the length with the addition of another person
