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CFD 11 Month > IFSTA CH 8 Ground Ladders + CFD Ladders Manual > Flashcards

IFSTA CH 8 Ground Ladders + CFD Ladders Manual Flashcards

1
Q

CFD Ladder uses

A
  • Rescue
  • Egress/Access
  • Roof Operations
  • Hose stream placement
  • Ventilation
  • Salvage and overhaul
  • Ice rescue
  • Bracing
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2
Q

Ladders used by CFD

A

constructed of aluminum and are of the “solid beam” variety

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3
Q

Two Manufacturers of ladders

A

Duo-safety
Alco-lite

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4
Q

Duo-safety ladders

A

Ladder beams are solid construction and smooth

Rungs are welded into place

Thimble is located to protect working end halyard loop

Working end of halyard tied to an anchor

Pulley has some movement

Generally lighter in weight than Alco-lite

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5
Q

alco-lite ladders

A

Ladder beams have I-beam construction

Rungs are pressed into place allowing replacement

Halyard tied directly to the ladder rungs

Pulley has no movement

Generally heavier than Duo-Safety ladders

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6
Q

Folding Ladder (Little Giant Revolution 17)

A

Versatile

Can be used as an A-frame ladder, staircase ladder, 90 degree ladder or an extension ladder

Max. extension height is 15’
o Ladder weight – 37.5lbs
o Working load – 300lbs

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7
Q

10’ Attic Ladder

A

Are lighter and fold into a tight configuration for storage or handling

o Ladder weight – 16lbs
o Working load – 300lbs

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8
Q

12’ Fresno Ladder

A

Used indoor where space is limited (attic and cellar hatches)
Narrow width

o Ladder weight – 30lbs
o Working load – 750lbs

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9
Q

14’ Roof Ladder

A

Straight frame ladder with two roof hooks at the tip

This ladder can be used for access to low windows, roof operations for traction on a steep pitch or to spread out weight, or gaining access to other objectives

o Ladder weight – 28lbs
o Working load – 750lbs

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10
Q

16’ Roof ladder

A

Same as 14’ roof ladder

perfect for laddering bungalow roofs and first floor windows on many homes

Only one member is required to raise the ladder, and they are simple and fast to deploy

o Ladder weight – 39lbs
o Working load – 750lbs

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11
Q

18’ Roof Ladder

A

Ideal for buildings with steeper pitched roofs

On many homes it will reach the second floor window and on commercial buildings will reach the roof

It can be raised by one member if a stationary object is available to butt against.

o Ladder weight – 44lbs
o Working load – 750lbs

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12
Q

20’ Wall Ladder

A

Straight frame ladder

Good for 2nd floor windows or commercial building roofs

Must be butted against a stationary object to raise

o Ladder weight – 48lbs
o Working load – 750lbs

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13
Q

24’ Extension Ladder

A

Most common ladder

Can reach roofs, windows and other objectives and is easily deployed by one member

o Ladder weight – 72lbs
o Working load – 750lbs

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14
Q

28’ Extension Ladder

A

Extra 4 ft of reach, assuring access to windows on a high second floor or the roof on a 2-story structure

Can reach many 3rd story balconies

Largest ladder used for a single member raise

o Ladder weight – 87lbs
o Working load – 750lbs

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15
Q

35’ 2 Section Extension Ladder

A

Raised by two members

Will reach many objectives including a 4th story window

o Ladder weight – 122lbs
o Working load – 750lbs

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16
Q

35’ 3 Section Extension Ladder

A

offers the same reach as the above 35’ but the overall length is shorter when bedded

heavier and has an extra set of dawgs to lock

o ladder weight – 129lbs
o working load – 750lbs

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17
Q

45’ 3 Section Bangor Ladder

A

will reach 5th story balcony or 4th story roof

different with the addition of tormentor poles

can be raised by two members if butted up against a stationary object and by three members if free raised

o ladder weight – 240lbs
o working load – 750lbs

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18
Q

For safety reasons the number of personnel on a ladder should follow these guidelines unless under extreme situations

A

28 ft or less – 2 Firefighters maximum load

35 or more 3 Firefighters maximum load

NFPA requires all ladders to have a safety factor of 4:1

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19
Q

Engine compliment

A

1x Folding Ladder (Combination Ladder)
1x 10’ Attic Ladder (Single Ladder)
1x 14’ Roof Ladder (Single Ladder)
1x 24’ Extension Ladder

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20
Q

Heat Sensor

A

A label that changes colour to indicate the ladder has been subject to heat greater than 149°C (300°F)

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21
Q

Cleaning

A

Ladders can be cleaned with a mild soapy solution, brush and warm water.

If the dogs are “sticky,” wash the contaminants out with citrol and warm water.

The dogs should then be lightly lubricated with spray silicone

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22
Q

Repairs

A

Crews in the station can replace halyards by requesting a length of rope and a “Halyard Splice Kit.” If any other damage is noticed on the ladder, it must be tagged with damage location and type and sent in for repair

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23
Q

Adjust the Butt

A

This positions the ladder to the objective, squares it to the building, or gives the proper climbing angle

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24
Q

Primary carries

A

Low Shoulder Carry (28’ or Less)
High Shoulder Carry (28’ or Less)
Suitcase Carry (28’ or More)
Flat Carry
High/Low Carry

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25
Q

High Shoulder Carry (28’ or Less) Advantages

A
  • More versatile
  • More ergonomic
  • Less prone to injury
  • Faster deployment
  • Accurate deployment
  • One hand free
  • Stable raise
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26
Q

High/Low Carry

A

This carry allows the ladder to be in a better position to be raised quickly and effectively, and also works well if there are two members of different heights

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27
Q

what ladder heights are expected to be carried and thrown by one member

A

28’ in length or under

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28
Q

ladder raises

A

beam raise and flat raise

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29
Q

beam raise

A

This raise is ideal for narrow laneways, tight alleys and between buildings

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30
Q

Flat raise

A

This raise is easier for the member raising the ladder, as well as the grounding member

This raise is not always achievable due to obstructions, and the raise is slower than the beam raise

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31
Q

Extending a 28’ or less

A

A single-member extends ladders 28’ or less

4 contact points (foot, knee, shoulder and halyard)

Slight lean to the building

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32
Q

Extending 35’ Ladders

A

extended using two members

Once the ladder is raised, it is appropriately located to avoid movement of the ladder after it is extended

One member positions on the inside of the ladder, between the objective and the ladder itself. (This member is responsible for extending the fly sections using the halyard. )

The other member will position themselves on the fly section side of the ladder (this member is responsible for grounding the ladder and keeping it stable)

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33
Q

Spotting the Ladder

A

The building should be approached at 90 degrees whenever possible

Avoid setting the ladder in front of windows or doorways that could become involved in fire

Try and determine the correct amount of extension before lowering the ladder into the objective

Extending a ladder (two-section ladders, each click of the dog is 14”) (three-section ladders each click of the dog is 28”)

5 rungs above roofline if possible. This allows for a more comfortable and safer transition to the roof.

When a window or opening is large enough for the ladder tip to go inside, and it will not impede entry/egress; two rungs should be placed above the sill line; this helps with the transition

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34
Q

Climbing Angle

A

75 degrees for normal operations and 60 degrees for VEIS or emergency egress

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35
Q

Positioning the ladder

A

The Calgary Fire Department utilizes ladders in the “fly-out” position but if needed the ladder can be used in the fly-in position

The ladder should not be raised into the vertical position and crab-walked while extended

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36
Q

Tying the Halyard

A

The CFD uses two half-hitches to tie the halyards on all ground ladders

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37
Q

Climbing the Ladder

A

It is essential to climb the ladder with a smooth and steady rhythm

When climbing the ladder with a tool, place the tool in your desired hand, and grasp the rear of the beam while maintaining your grip of the tool. (This allows you to maintain three points of contact.)

38
Q

Ground ladder safety factor

A

it is important to note that all ground ladders must have a safety factor of 4:1, required by NFPA.

39
Q

Operation of Ground Ladders

A

important to note how many members can operate on a ground ladder at any given time.

Ladder loads should never exceed 750lbs

 Ladders 28’ or Less – 2 Persons
 Ladder 35’ or more – 3 Persons

40
Q

never leg lock on

A

an aerial ladder device

41
Q

different types of locks

A

knee lock
heel lock
tool lock
leg lock

42
Q

knee lock

A

this lock is a quick and temporary lock performed by flexing your knees into the beams of the ladder.

It can be used when receiving a victim or when breaking glass for VEIS

43
Q

heel lock

A

take your heel and put it through the ladder rung, locking it in one rung below; offers you a secure lock to the ladder and allows you the ability to move quickly if conditions change. This lock can be used with the lock opposite the working side or on the same side of the ladder

44
Q

tool lock

A

this lock can be used when ventilating windows and uses the tool as a lock. Simply put one arm on either side of the ladder beam grasping the tool, then vent the window. This lock can also be used in conjunction with other locks

45
Q

leg lock

A

this lock must be performed opposite the working side of the ladder. Reach the proper working height and climb one rung higher. Place the leg opposite of the work through the rung spacing and as the member’s knee approaches the rung bend the leg back toward the next rung. It is acceptable to lock the foot into the lower rung or onto the beam

46
Q

Offensive Ladder Position

A

This position involves having the ladder in a potentially hazardous area close to the fire location; this would include using a ladder for rescue, secondary means of egress, VEIS, horizontal ventilation, vertical ventilation using a roof ladder, or hose stream placement

47
Q

Defensive ladder position

A

A defensive ladder position can still be an offensive tactic. However, the ladder is placed in a position that allows you to start your task from an area of refuge.

48
Q

Offensive Ladder Positions

A

rescue
VEIS
hose stream placement
egress ladders

49
Q

Offensive Ladder Positions - rescue

A

Rescue is not the same as VEIS; since the victim’s location is known and often seen, a search does not have to be performed

The tip should be placed just below the sill for a window rescue, with a climbing angle of 65 degrees, allowing for a shallower climbing angle for the victim

50
Q

Offensive Ladder Positions - VEIS

A

This is performed in areas of tenability that may have a fire or heavy smoke involvement.

The climbing angle should be placed at 60 degrees not to impede a rapid bailout if conditions deteriorate

51
Q

Offensive Ladder Positions - hose stream placement

A

be placed beside the window on the windward side. It may also be placed in the window opening with the tip up to one rung into the window. The climbing angle should be at 75 degrees, and a leg lock should be used while operating the hose line

52
Q

Offensive Ladder Positions - egress ladders

A

should be placed in the highest hazard areas first; in anticipation of where fire attack is, or will be operating

The ladder should be placed with the tip just inside the sill. This makes the ladder visible to members on the interior of the building. The climbing angle should be set at 65 degrees to facilitate either a bailout or climb out of the window.

53
Q

horizontal ventilation - two acceptable ways to break glass

A

first is to use the ladder itself

The second option is to break and clear the entire window from the ground ladder with a tool

54
Q

best option for ladder placement when breaking glass

A

The best option is with the ladder in line with the window(s) the tip of the ladder just below the sill at a 75-degree angle

55
Q

Vertical Ventilation With Roof Ladder

A

Place the ladder to the strongest point of the building available and in a location free of roof obstructions.

The ladder should extend 3-5 rungs past the roofline. The climbing angle for this evolution should be at 75 degrees

56
Q

Vertical Ventilation (walkable Roof)

A

When laddering for roof operations on a walkable roof, operations should be started from the unburned side.

Strong points of the roof should be considered when placing ladders. Peaks or ridges, or 8ft in from building corners

57
Q

Estimating Heights and Ladder Positions - residential

A

Story is about 10ft (3m)

Distance from the floor to a windowsill average about 3ft (1m)

58
Q

Estimating Heights and Ladder Positions - commercial

A

Story averages 12ft (4m)

Distance from the floor to a windowsill average about 4ft

59
Q

Hoisting a Ladder with a Rope

A

The ladder is left fully bedded with the fly towards the building

Use a figure eight on a bight to secure the ladder around one third of the way down.

When raised the tip should be pointed away from the building

The end of the rope should be secured to an object if possible

When lowering the ladder, turn it so the tip is facing the building.

60
Q

inspect ladders

A

after each use

monthly

61
Q

Service testing ladders

A

Before being placed in service

Annually while in service

After any use that exposes them to high heat or rough treatment

62
Q

Ventilation placement of ladders

A

Upwind side of the window

Tip even with the top of the window

63
Q

Single Ladders

A

Consist of one section of nonadjustable or fixed length

64
Q

Roof Ladders

A

Are single ladders equipped with folding hooks that provide means of anchoring the ladder over the ridge of a pitched roof or some other roof part

The ladder distributes the firefighters weight and helps prevent slipping

65
Q

Extension Ladders

A

Consist of a base or bed section and one or more fly sections that travel in guides or brackets to permit length adjustments

66
Q

Following markings are commonly found on fire service ladders

A

Designated ladder length

A manufacturers name plate

Apparatus designation or a locally assigned inventory number

White tip or reflective tape attached to tip

A stripe – indicates balance point

67
Q

Use following guidelines when cleaning a ladder:

A

Use a soft bristle brush and running water to clean the ladder

Remove tar, oil or greasy residues with mild soap and water or environmentally safe solvents and apply lubrication occasionally according to departmental SOPs and manufacturer recommendations

Look for damage or wear while cleaning the ladder

Wipe the ladder dry after cleaning or use

68
Q

ladder maintenance

A

Maintenance means keeping ladders in a state of usefulness and readiness

69
Q

ladder repairs

A

Repair means to restore or replace that which is damaged or worn out

70
Q

General maintenance requirements for ground ladders include the following:

A

Keeping ground ladders free of moisture

Storing or position ladders where they are free from vehicle exhaust or engine heat

Keeping ladders in an area where they are not exposed to the elements of weather

Painting ladders only for the purpose of identification or visibility

71
Q

Before raising a ladder, consider:

A

presence of electrical hazards

the position of the extension ladder fly section

72
Q

Following guidelines to avoid electrical contact hazards:

A

Look up to check for overhead electrical wires or equipment

Look up again before raising the ladder

Keep a distance of at least 10 feet from all energized electrical lines and equipment (circle of safety)

Maintain this distance while raising the ladder, using the ladder and lowering the ladder

Use an alternative method for raising the ladder if the ladder may come to rest a safe distance from electrical equipment but come too close to the equipment during the actual raise

73
Q

the position of the extension ladder fly section

A

Modern metal and fiberglass ladders are designed to be used with the fly out

Wooden ladders that are designed with the rungs mounted in the top truss rail are intended to be used with the fly in

74
Q

Tying the halyard

A

Once an extension ladder is resting against a structure and before it is climbed, the excess halyard should be secured (tied off) to prevent anyone from becoming tangled in the rope when ascending or descending the ladder

75
Q

Safety considerations when carrying ground ladders include the following:

A

Avoid obstructions

Maintain situational awareness of other firefighters at the scene

Life the ladder with your legs

Look ahead, scanning for obstruction, other people and trip hazards in front of you

Use an appropriate number of personnel to carry the ladder based upon the conditions at the scene and the length of the ladder

Work and communicate as a team

Identify one member of your lift team as a team leader

Carry roof ladders with the hooks closed

Carry ladders with the butt end first to facilitate transition from a ladder carry to a ladder raise

76
Q

Observe and communicate to crew members and your supervisor the following conditions specific to ground ladders:

A

Presence of overhead electrical wires and obstructions

Ground conditions: muddy, icy and/or uneven terrain

Building structural integrity: condition of the wall and windows where the ladder will be raised

Wind direction and speed

Appropriateness of the chosen ladder: length, single or extension, correct for the task

Structural features such as type of roof, wall height and presence of overhangs

77
Q

Two objectives are to be met when placing ground ladders:

A

Position the ladder properly for its intended use

Place the butt the proper distance from the building for safe and easy climbing

78
Q

A 75-degree angle provides the following benefits:

A

Good stability

Less stress placed on the ladder

Optimum climbing angle

Easiest climbing position: the climber can stand perpendicular to the ground, at arms length from the rungs

79
Q

Two methods are used for securing a ladder:

A

heeling

tying in

80
Q

heeling following guidelines

A

Wear full PPE with helmet, face shield deployed when heeling the ladder

Be alert for falling objects or debris

Stay alert for firefighters descending the ladder

81
Q

Tying in guidelines

A

Whenever possible, a ladder should be tied securely to a fixed object

Prevents the ladder from slipping or pulling away from the building

Tying also frees personnel who would otherwise be holding the ladder in place

Rope hose tool or safety strap can be used between the ladder and a fixed object

82
Q

The process of securing a ground ladder may include any or all of the following:

A

Lock the extension ladder locks in place before the ladder is placed against the structure

Tie the halyard with a clove hitch and an overhand safety

Heel and/or secure the ladder with a rope to a nearby, firm object to prevent ladder movement

83
Q

Climbing Ladders

A

Ladder climbing should be done smoothly and rhythmically

You should ascend the ladder so that there is least possible amount of bounce and sway

84
Q

Securing to the Ladder

A

-Either a ladder belt or a leg lock can be used to safely secure the firefighter to a ladder while performing work

85
Q

Carrying Tools Up and Down Ladders

A

Disrupts your natural climbing motion either because of the added weight or the need to use one hand to hold the tool

If a tool is carried in one hand, it may be desirable to slide the free hand along the beam rather than on the rungs while making the climb (This method permits constant hand contact with the ladder)

86
Q

Assisting a Victim Down a Ladder

A

When using a ground ladder for rescue through a window, the ladder tip is raised just below the sill

87
Q

To bring victims down a ground ladder, a least four firefighters are needed:

A

Two inside the building

On or two on the ladder

And one to heel the ladder

88
Q

Methods for assisting unconscious victims include:

A

On-the-knee

Cross-body method (Victim facing firefighter)

Modified Cross-body method (Victim is facing the ladder)

89
Q
A
90
Q
A

CFD 11 Month (32 decks)

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